基于可再生能源发电并网外部性的电价形成机制研究

发布时间：2018-04-15 05:09

本文选题：可再生能源 + 并网　；参考：《华北电力大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：电力行业是国民经济发展的重要基础产业,承担着为用户提供稳定可靠电力保障的义务,同时电力行业是能源消耗和污染物排放的重点用户。提高可再生能源发电的比例,是改善电源结构实现电力产业节能减排的关键,然而可再生能源由于自身特性及发电技术不成熟、成本高等问题,在发电并网过程中凸显出的外部性问题严重制约着可再生能源发电产业健康有序快速发展。世界各国政府为了促进可再生能源发电并网,制定并实施了各类政策,其中可再生能源上网电价和补贴政策最为重要。本文基于可再生能源发电并网的外部性问题,结合各国政府对可再生能源发电并网中制定实施的各类电价机制政策,对电价形成机制进行理论探讨,并构建检验模型,对这种以补贴为实质内容的电价形成机制的有效性进行检验。首先,从外部性理论、外部性定性分析方面,对可再生能源发电并网外部性进行评价；在此基础上,结合各国政府为弥补可再生能源发电并网外部性、促进其并网而制定的各类电价机制政策,以风电为例,对可再生能源电价形成机制进行理论分析探讨；第三,从电价形成机制的执行效果和执行效率两方面考虑,选取协整分析法作为有效性检验的方法,对我国风电电价形成机制的有效性进行检验。结果表明：补贴为主要支撑的风电电价机制达到了促进风电发展的目标,且执行的效果是显著的。从2002年开始实施的我国风电电价补贴对于提高风电发电量在总发电量中份额有较大作用,即我国发电电源结构有所改变。尽管电价机制在达成目标上发挥了很大作用,在一定程度上取得了量上的增长,但是长此以往需要政府投入很大,因此在机制执行效率方面还有待通过技术进步、完善电价形成机制模型来提高。最后,本文通过参考可再生能源发展经验丰富、成果显著的德国电价机制,将可再生能源保护电价期限及年下降比例考虑进去,参考国内外输配电价管制模型,提出我国可再生能源电价优化模型。最后,提出完善我国可再生能源电价形成机制的建议和措施。
[Abstract]:Electric power industry is an important basic industry in the development of national economy, which undertakes the duty of providing stable and reliable power security for users. At the same time, power industry is the key user of energy consumption and pollutant emission.Increasing the proportion of renewable energy generation is the key to improve the power supply structure to realize energy saving and emission reduction in power industry. However, due to its own characteristics and immature power generation technology, renewable energy has a high cost.In the process of grid connection, the externality problems seriously restrict the healthy and orderly development of renewable energy power generation industry.In order to promote the grid connection of renewable energy, governments all over the world have formulated and implemented all kinds of policies, among which electricity price and subsidy policy of renewable energy are the most important.In this paper, based on the externality of renewable energy generation, combined with the policies of various kinds of electricity pricing mechanism made by governments, the formation mechanism of electricity price is discussed theoretically, and the test model is constructed.The effectiveness of the electricity price formation mechanism based on subsidies is tested.First of all, from the perspective of externality theory and qualitative analysis, this paper evaluates the externality of renewable energy power generation, based on which, in order to make up for the externality of renewable energy generation,Taking wind power as an example, the formation mechanism of electricity price for renewable energy is theoretically analyzed and discussed. Thirdly, considering the effect and efficiency of electricity price formation mechanism,The cointegration analysis method is selected to test the validity of wind power price formation mechanism in China.The results show that the price mechanism of wind power with subsidies as the main support has achieved the goal of promoting wind power development and the effect of implementation is remarkable.Since 2002, the price subsidy of wind power in China has played an important role in increasing the share of wind power generation in the total electricity generation, that is to say, the structure of the power supply in China has been changed.Although the electricity price mechanism has played a great role in achieving its objectives and achieved some quantitative growth, it will require a great deal of government investment in the long run, and technical progress has yet to be adopted in terms of the efficiency of the implementation of the mechanism.Improve the electricity price formation mechanism model to improve.Finally, by referring to the German electricity price mechanism, which has rich experience in the development of renewable energy, this paper takes into account the duration of the renewable energy protection price and the proportion of annual decline, and refers to the domestic and foreign electricity transmission and distribution price control model.The electricity price optimization model of renewable energy in China is proposed.Finally, suggestions and measures are put forward to improve the mechanism of electricity price formation for renewable energy in China.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F426.61;F726

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