服务贸易自由化对我国制造业出口规模的影响
发布时间：2018-08-23 14:29
【摘要】：自我国1978年实施改革开放以来，服务业逐步在我国发达城市萌发、扩展，逐渐成为社会经济的重要成分。特别自中国加入WTO以来，我国服务贸易进出口总额连年递增，随着贸易自由化进程的加快，中国正逐渐步入世界经济贸易体系之中，正向一个名副其实的贸易大国迈进。虽然中国的服务贸易取得了快速发展，但是与美国等发达国家有一定差距，且贸易结构不合理，特别是知识和技术密集的专有权利使用和特许、金融、咨询、计算机和信息等生产性服务竞争力较弱，而与生产性服务贸易密切相关的制造业技术水平低、加工能力低、始终处于产业链低端环节，这导致我国的制造业产品也以低技术含量和低附加值为主要特征，而此时国际上许多发达国家生产性服务大量出口，生产性服务业对外直接投资不断扩张，这势必对我国制造业的发展和结构升级带来影响。因此研究服务贸易自由化对我国制造业出口规模的影响具有重要的意义。 本文以服务贸易中的生产性服务贸易和工业制成品出口贸易为研究对象，从理论和实证的角度分析了生产性服务贸易进口对我国工业制成品出口的影响。首先论述了国内外研究现状，在此基础上分析了我国服务贸易、生产性服务贸易和工业制成品的发展现状。接着，本文从理论的角度研究了生产性服务贸易对我国工业制成品出口的影响机制，分别从分工与专业化的影响机制、生产性服务业FDI的影响机制、跨境生产性服务贸易的影响机制、制度效应的影响机制和规模经济的影响机制这5个方面进行研究。最后通过建立多元线性回归方程，从实证的角度证明服务业对我国制成品出口的影响，， 结果显示近年来我国的服务贸易、生产性服务贸易和工业制成品发展迅速，进出口额增长较快，特别是中国加入世界贸易组织之后，增长更明显。但是我国的服务贸易也存在一些问题，由于我国服务业起步晚，早些年发展缓慢，导致我国的服务业的发展水平要低于西方发达国家，这主要表现在运输、保险、金融、专有权利使用费和特许费等行业常年处于逆差，并且逆差的程度越来越大；不过通讯、计算机和信息服务业、咨询业和广告宣传这些行业发展迅速，由逆差转为顺差。我国工业制成品出口额也是逐年增多，其中，机械及运输设备出口规模最大，且增长幅度最快，工业制成品的出口趋势表现为由劳动密集型逐渐向资本技术密集型转变。实证分析的研究结果显示生产性服务业进口额对我国工业制成品出口有正向的显著影响，并且其对资本密集型和劳动密集型制造业出口也具有正向显著影响，但是相对与制造业劳动力成本来说，其影响并不大，说明我国生产性服务业水平和技术水平仍有待提高。基于上述研究结果，本文提出了加快生产性服务业及其贸易发展的相关政策建议。
[Abstract]:Since the implementation of reform and opening up in 1978, service industry has gradually sprouted and expanded in the developed cities of China, and has become an important part of social economy. Although China's trade in services has made rapid progress, it still lags behind developed countries such as the United States and has an unreasonable trade structure, especially the use and licensing of knowledge-and technology-intensive exclusive rights, the competitiveness of productive services such as finance, consultation, computers and information is relatively weak. Productive service trade is closely related to the manufacturing technology level is low, processing capacity is low, always in the low-end link of the industrial chain, which leads to China's manufacturing products are also characterized by low technology content and low added value. At this time, many developed countries in the world export a large number of productive services, producer services Foreign Direct Investment is not. This will inevitably have an impact on the development and structural upgrading of China's manufacturing industry. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the impact of service trade liberalization on the export scale of China's manufacturing industry.
This paper takes the trade in productive services and the export trade of manufactured goods in service trade as the research object, analyzes the influence of the import of productive services on the export of manufactured goods in China from the theoretical and empirical point of view. First, it discusses the research status at home and abroad, and then analyzes the trade in services and the trade in productive services in China. Then, from the theoretical point of view, this paper studies the impact mechanism of producer services trade on China's industrial manufactured goods export, including the impact mechanism of division of labor and specialization, the impact mechanism of producer services FDI, the impact mechanism of cross-border producer services trade, the impact mechanism and regulation of institutional effect. Finally, through the establishment of multiple linear regression equation, the paper demonstrates the impact of service industry on the export of manufactured goods.
The results show that China's service trade, productive service trade and industrial manufactured goods have developed rapidly in recent years, and the import and export volume has increased rapidly, especially after China's accession to the World Trade Organization. The development level of service industry is lower than that of western developed countries, which is mainly manifested in the perennial deficit in transportation, insurance, finance, royalties and franchises, and the increasing degree of the deficit; however, communications, computer and information services, consulting and advertising industries are developing rapidly from deficit to surplus. The export volume of China's manufactured industrial products is also increasing year by year. Among them, the export of machinery and transport equipment is the largest and the fastest growth rate. The export trend of manufactured industrial products shows a gradual change from labor-intensive to capital-and-technology-intensive. Export has a positive and significant impact on capital-intensive and labor-intensive manufacturing exports, but the impact is relatively small compared with manufacturing labor costs, indicating that China's level of producer services and technical level is still to be improved. Policy recommendations on producer services and their trade development.
【学位授予单位】：山西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F752.68;F424;F752.62
[Abstract]:Since the implementation of reform and opening up in 1978, service industry has gradually sprouted and expanded in the developed cities of China, and has become an important part of social economy. Although China's trade in services has made rapid progress, it still lags behind developed countries such as the United States and has an unreasonable trade structure, especially the use and licensing of knowledge-and technology-intensive exclusive rights, the competitiveness of productive services such as finance, consultation, computers and information is relatively weak. Productive service trade is closely related to the manufacturing technology level is low, processing capacity is low, always in the low-end link of the industrial chain, which leads to China's manufacturing products are also characterized by low technology content and low added value. At this time, many developed countries in the world export a large number of productive services, producer services Foreign Direct Investment is not. This will inevitably have an impact on the development and structural upgrading of China's manufacturing industry. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the impact of service trade liberalization on the export scale of China's manufacturing industry.
This paper takes the trade in productive services and the export trade of manufactured goods in service trade as the research object, analyzes the influence of the import of productive services on the export of manufactured goods in China from the theoretical and empirical point of view. First, it discusses the research status at home and abroad, and then analyzes the trade in services and the trade in productive services in China. Then, from the theoretical point of view, this paper studies the impact mechanism of producer services trade on China's industrial manufactured goods export, including the impact mechanism of division of labor and specialization, the impact mechanism of producer services FDI, the impact mechanism of cross-border producer services trade, the impact mechanism and regulation of institutional effect. Finally, through the establishment of multiple linear regression equation, the paper demonstrates the impact of service industry on the export of manufactured goods.
The results show that China's service trade, productive service trade and industrial manufactured goods have developed rapidly in recent years, and the import and export volume has increased rapidly, especially after China's accession to the World Trade Organization. The development level of service industry is lower than that of western developed countries, which is mainly manifested in the perennial deficit in transportation, insurance, finance, royalties and franchises, and the increasing degree of the deficit; however, communications, computer and information services, consulting and advertising industries are developing rapidly from deficit to surplus. The export volume of China's manufactured industrial products is also increasing year by year. Among them, the export of machinery and transport equipment is the largest and the fastest growth rate. The export trend of manufactured industrial products shows a gradual change from labor-intensive to capital-and-technology-intensive. Export has a positive and significant impact on capital-intensive and labor-intensive manufacturing exports, but the impact is relatively small compared with manufacturing labor costs, indicating that China's level of producer services and technical level is still to be improved. Policy recommendations on producer services and their trade development.
【学位授予单位】：山西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F752.68;F424;F752.62
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