石油企业油田开发环境责任评价及履行研究
发布时间：2018-11-21 13:22
【摘要】：石油企业在油田开发过程中，虽然给人们带来了能源，但是伴随着能源的产生，，也同时产生了各种污染物。有些污染物是由于企业的不当操作而产生的，有些污染物则是不可避免的，然而这些污染物却对生态环境（大气环境、水环境、土壤环境、自然植被及野生动物等）造成了复杂的、长期性的影响。而石油企业作为油田开发过程中的主要污染单位，应承担污染补偿环境的责任，这既有利于维护环境安全，保障公民和全社会的环境权益，也有利于推动石油企业加深对保护生态环境重要性的认识。 本文在明确企业环境责任、石油企业油田开发、石油企业环境责任等基本概念的基础上，分析了石油企业油田开发过程中各阶段产生的污染物及对环境的影响、油田开发污染物的总体特征，并依据建立指标体系的基本原则及一些参考依据，从合规性、环境建设、资源消耗以及三废利用四个方面，建立了石油企业环境责任评价体系，并运用多层次灰色系统评价模型对石油企业所承担的环境责任大小进行了评价，使得企业能从量化的数据指标中，找出自己的不足及与其它企业之间的差距，进而从环境污染预防、治理与补偿角度，提出石油企业履行环境责任的建议，为完善石油企业环境责任提供了参考性建议。环境污染预防措施包括增强企业环保意识、完善环境管理体系、技术创新。在治理措施中提出了企业对于油田开发中对大气、水环境、土壤、自然植被及野生动物等各类污染的治理与保护措施。环境污染补偿方面应采取建立完善的环境补偿机制，增强环境会计的应用性的措施，以帮助石油企业提高对保护生态环境的认识，能够更好的承担起保护环境的责任。
[Abstract]:Although petroleum enterprises bring energy to people in the process of oil field development, along with the generation of energy, they also produce various pollutants at the same time. Some pollutants are produced as a result of improper operation by enterprises, and some pollutants are unavoidable. However, these pollutants are harmful to the ecological environment (atmospheric environment, water environment, soil environment, etc.) Natural vegetation and wildlife, etc.) cause complex, long-term effects. As the main polluters in the process of oil field development, petroleum enterprises should bear the responsibility of pollution compensation, which is conducive to safeguarding environmental safety and protecting the environmental rights and interests of citizens and the whole society. Also conducive to promoting oil enterprises to deepen the importance of protecting the ecological environment. On the basis of defining the basic concepts of enterprise environmental responsibility, oil field development and petroleum enterprise environmental responsibility, this paper analyzes the pollutants produced in each stage of oil field development in petroleum enterprise and its impact on the environment. Based on the general characteristics of pollutants in oilfield development and the basic principles and some reference bases of establishing the index system, the evaluation system of environmental responsibility of petroleum enterprises is established from four aspects: compliance, environmental construction, resource consumption and utilization of three wastes. And the multi-level grey system evaluation model is used to evaluate the environmental responsibility of petroleum enterprises, so that the enterprises can find out their own shortcomings and the gap between them and other enterprises from the quantitative data indicators. From the point of view of prevention, treatment and compensation of environmental pollution, the paper puts forward some suggestions for petroleum enterprises to fulfill their environmental responsibility, and provides some reference suggestions for perfecting environmental responsibility of petroleum enterprises. Environmental pollution prevention measures include enhancing enterprises' awareness of environmental protection, perfecting environmental management system and technological innovation. In the treatment measures, the measures to control and protect all kinds of pollution such as atmosphere, water environment, soil, natural vegetation and wildlife in oilfield development are put forward. In the aspect of environmental pollution compensation, measures should be taken to establish perfect environmental compensation mechanism and strengthen the application of environmental accounting, so as to help petroleum enterprises to improve their understanding of protecting the ecological environment, and to better assume the responsibility of protecting the environment.
【学位授予单位】：东北石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X82;F426.22;F270
本文编号：2347078
[Abstract]:Although petroleum enterprises bring energy to people in the process of oil field development, along with the generation of energy, they also produce various pollutants at the same time. Some pollutants are produced as a result of improper operation by enterprises, and some pollutants are unavoidable. However, these pollutants are harmful to the ecological environment (atmospheric environment, water environment, soil environment, etc.) Natural vegetation and wildlife, etc.) cause complex, long-term effects. As the main polluters in the process of oil field development, petroleum enterprises should bear the responsibility of pollution compensation, which is conducive to safeguarding environmental safety and protecting the environmental rights and interests of citizens and the whole society. Also conducive to promoting oil enterprises to deepen the importance of protecting the ecological environment. On the basis of defining the basic concepts of enterprise environmental responsibility, oil field development and petroleum enterprise environmental responsibility, this paper analyzes the pollutants produced in each stage of oil field development in petroleum enterprise and its impact on the environment. Based on the general characteristics of pollutants in oilfield development and the basic principles and some reference bases of establishing the index system, the evaluation system of environmental responsibility of petroleum enterprises is established from four aspects: compliance, environmental construction, resource consumption and utilization of three wastes. And the multi-level grey system evaluation model is used to evaluate the environmental responsibility of petroleum enterprises, so that the enterprises can find out their own shortcomings and the gap between them and other enterprises from the quantitative data indicators. From the point of view of prevention, treatment and compensation of environmental pollution, the paper puts forward some suggestions for petroleum enterprises to fulfill their environmental responsibility, and provides some reference suggestions for perfecting environmental responsibility of petroleum enterprises. Environmental pollution prevention measures include enhancing enterprises' awareness of environmental protection, perfecting environmental management system and technological innovation. In the treatment measures, the measures to control and protect all kinds of pollution such as atmosphere, water environment, soil, natural vegetation and wildlife in oilfield development are put forward. In the aspect of environmental pollution compensation, measures should be taken to establish perfect environmental compensation mechanism and strengthen the application of environmental accounting, so as to help petroleum enterprises to improve their understanding of protecting the ecological environment, and to better assume the responsibility of protecting the environment.
【学位授予单位】：东北石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X82;F426.22;F270
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