如何完善我国个人信用制度的思考

发布时间：2018-04-20 05:30

本文选题：完善 + 我国　；参考：《福州大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：在当前迅速发展的经济条件下,世界各国普遍推行的市场经济不仅仅是契约经济、法制经济,更是信用经济。在社会信用体系当中,个人信用就犹如地基一样,它支撑着整个社会信用体系这座大厦,然而个人信用的严重缺失影响了我国经济的快速发展,我国个人信用制度建设的必要性已充分显示出来。加强个人信用制度建设的研究有很强的理论意义和实际意义。个人信用可以说是个人道德在经济领域的延伸和表现形式。个人信用制度是市场经济发展到一定程度的产物,也是市场经济走向成熟的必然要求,然而立足当前,我国的信用缺失现象却依然严重,个人信用制度的建设和完善对于当前我国经济发展意义非凡。西方发达国家个人信用制度发展至今已有100多年,全球范围来看,主要存在三种信用制度模式,其中政府主导模式以法国、德国等欧洲国家为代表,市场化模式以美国为典型代表,会员制模式的代表国家是日本。虽然上述三种模式在信用中介机构的性质等方面存在很大的差别,但仍可以作为我国个人信用制度建设的借鉴。近年来,随着我国经济的持续快速发展,个人消费信贷资产增长很快,也推动了个人信用制度的发展。在2006年1月,由中国人民银行牵头建立的个人征信系统数据库正式运行,这个基础数据库连接了全国所有银行类金融机构,为每一个有经济活动的企业和个人建立了统一的信用档案。目前,这一数据库已收录1800多万户企业、8亿多个人的有关信息。随着数据采集以及个人信用报告使用范围的逐步扩大,个人征信系统的功能将会不断增强,在日常的应用面将会更广。不可否认,随着我国市场经济的发展和社会信用体系建设的不断推进,个人信用制度建设作为我国社会信用体系建设的重要组成部分,通过这几年的努力,也取得了一定的成效,但是在个人信用制度的建设过程中也暴露出很多问题,当前我国个人信用制度存在的主要问题包括失信严重,惩罚不力、个人信用记录制度不健全、信息不够透明、信用监管机构缺乏、信用机构缺乏等；造成这些问题的原因主要是信用文化缺失、信用凭证不合理、科技水平落后、信用评估技术落后、相关法律法规不完善。笔者认为,进一步完善我国的个人信用制度,需要加强宣传,培养公民的信用意识：改善信用凭证的合理性；大力发展民间个人信用征信机构和评估机构。另外,建立健全相应的法律法规,形成一套完善的个人信用法律体系用以保证个人信用制度的发展也显得尤为重要。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy, the market economy is not only contract economy, legal economy, but also credit economy. In the social credit system, personal credit is like foundation, it supports the whole building of social credit system. However, the serious lack of personal credit affects the rapid economic development of our country. The necessity of the construction of personal credit system in our country has been fully demonstrated. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to strengthen the research on the construction of personal credit system. Personal credit can be said to be the extension and manifestation of personal morality in the economic field. The personal credit system is the product of the development of the market economy to a certain extent, and is also the inevitable requirement for the market economy to become mature. However, at present, the phenomenon of lack of credit in our country is still serious. The construction and perfection of personal credit system is of great significance to the economic development of our country. It has been more than 100 years since the development of personal credit system in western developed countries. There are mainly three kinds of credit system models in the world, in which the government dominates the system, such as France, Germany and other European countries. The market-oriented model is represented by the United States, and the representative country of the membership model is Japan. Although the above three models have great differences in the nature of credit intermediary institutions, they can still be used for reference in the construction of personal credit system in China. In recent years, with the sustained and rapid development of China's economy, personal consumer credit assets have increased rapidly, which has also promoted the development of personal credit system. In January 2006, the personal credit information system database led by the people's Bank of China came into operation. This basic database connects all banking and financial institutions in the country. A unified credit file has been established for every economically active enterprise and individual. At present, the database has included more than 18 million enterprises, more than 800 million people related information. With the gradual expansion of data collection and personal credit report, the function of personal credit information system will be enhanced, and it will be more widely used in daily applications. Undeniably, with the development of China's market economy and the continuous promotion of the construction of social credit system, the construction of personal credit system as an important part of the construction of our social credit system, through the efforts of the past few years, Some achievements have been made, but many problems have been exposed in the construction of personal credit system. At present, the main problems of personal credit system in our country include serious breach of credit, weak punishment, imperfect personal credit record system. The reasons for these problems are lack of credit culture, unreasonable credit certificate, backward science and technology, backward technology of credit evaluation, imperfect laws and regulations. The author believes that to further improve our personal credit system, we should strengthen propaganda, cultivate citizens' credit awareness, improve the rationality of credit vouchers, and vigorously develop private personal credit information institutions and evaluation institutions. In addition, it is very important to establish and perfect relevant laws and regulations and form a set of perfect personal credit legal system to ensure the development of personal credit system.
【学位授予单位】：福州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F832.2

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