股权结构对商业银行效率影响的研究

发布时间：2018-05-12 09:48

本文选题：商业银行 + 股权结构　；参考：《沈阳师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：自从我国第一家商业银行——中国农业银行在1979年成立以来,我国商业银行的发展已经走过了将近半个世纪的历程。对于世界金融发展史而言,这仅仅是一个短暂的时间,但对于我国银行业而言却是波澜壮阔的半个世纪,在此期间形成了我国多层次的商业银行体系,四大行和全国性股份制商业银行更是跻身世界银行前列。但是发展的成就并不能掩盖我国银行业存在的问题,为了提升国有商业银行的经营效率,推动其加快上市的步伐,政府曾为四大国有商业银行的不良资产埋单。通过股权结构的改善,我国商业银行的经营效率取得了显著进步,但面对发展的需要我国银行业再次显示出了不足之处,从2015年我国银行业不良贷款率的明显升高和银行业离职潮中可见一斑。影响商业银行经营状况的因素可以分为外因和内因两部分,外因是商业银行所处的宏观经济环境,内因则是商业银行的内部治理机制。宏观经济环境是一个外生变量,商业银行只能被动的接受,因而优化内部治理机制成为了提高商业银行经营效率的关键。而决定商业银行内部治理机制的最重要因素则是股权结构,股权性质的不同和股权集中度的不同会使商业银行有着不同的经营函数,因此,股权结构的差异会使商业银行表现出不同的经营效率。基于此,本文将根据我国15家上市商业银行2010-2014年的财务数据和股权结构数据,通过数据包络分析法,综合分析我国上市商业银行的效率水平。通过实证研究,比较股权结构的差异对商业银行效率的影响情况,为我国商业银行股权结构的改革提供意见。实证研究结论如下:(1)股权集中度对商业银行效率有明显的影响,随着第一大股东持股比例和前五大股东持股比例的升高,商业银行的效率呈现出先上升后下降的趋势,并且前五大股东持股比例与商业银行效率更多的是体现着负相关的关系;(2)股权性质对商业银行效率的影响并不明显,单独研究国有股、法人股和境外法人股对商业银行效率的影响时,发现国有股和法人股的影响效果并不显著,仅有境外法人股占比的升高会促进商业银行效率的提升;(3)股权制衡度对商业银行效率的影响没有呈现出稳定的规律,但是当第一大股东持股比例明显超过第二大股东持股比例时,会明显降低商业银行的效率。
[Abstract]:Since China's first commercial bank, Agricultural Bank of China, was founded in 1979, the development of China's commercial bank has gone through nearly half a century. For the history of world financial development, this is only a short period of time, but for China's banking sector, it is a magnificent half-century, during which a multi-level commercial banking system of our country has been formed. The four big banks and the national stock-holding commercial banks are among the leading banks of the World Bank. However, the achievements of development can not cover up the problems existing in China's banking industry. In order to improve the operational efficiency of state-owned commercial banks and speed up the pace of listing, the government once paid for the bad assets of the four state-owned commercial banks. Through the improvement of the ownership structure, the management efficiency of commercial banks in China has made remarkable progress, but in the face of the need of development, the banking industry of our country has once again shown its shortcomings. This can be seen from the obvious increase of non-performing loan ratio and banking turnover in 2015. The factors that affect the commercial banks' operating conditions can be divided into two parts: external factors and internal factors. External factors are the macroeconomic environment in which commercial banks are located, and internal factors are the internal governance mechanisms of commercial banks. Macroeconomic environment is an exogenous variable, commercial banks can only passively accept, so optimizing the internal governance mechanism has become the key to improve the operational efficiency of commercial banks. The most important factor that determines the internal governance mechanism of commercial banks is the ownership structure. Different ownership nature and different ownership concentration will make commercial banks have different management functions. The difference of ownership structure will make commercial banks show different operating efficiency. Based on this, based on the financial data and equity structure data of 15 listed commercial banks in China from 2010 to 2014, the efficiency level of listed commercial banks in China is comprehensively analyzed by means of data envelopment analysis. Through the empirical study, this paper compares the influence of the difference of ownership structure on the efficiency of commercial banks, and provides advice for the reform of equity structure of commercial banks in China. The conclusions of the empirical study are as follows: (1) the degree of ownership concentration has a significant impact on the efficiency of commercial banks. With the increase of the proportion of the largest shareholders and the first five major shareholders, the efficiency of commercial banks shows a trend of first rising and then decreasing. Moreover, the first five major shareholders' shareholding ratio and the efficiency of commercial banks are more closely related to the negative correlation.) the influence of the nature of ownership on the efficiency of commercial banks is not obvious. When the impact of legal person shares and foreign legal personnel shares on the efficiency of commercial banks is not significant, it is found that the effects of state-owned shares and legal personnel shares are not significant. Only the increase in the proportion of overseas legal personnel shares will promote the efficiency of commercial banks. (3) the impact of equity checks and balances on the efficiency of commercial banks does not show a stable rule. However, the efficiency of commercial banks will be significantly reduced when the proportion of the largest shareholders is obviously higher than that of the second largest shareholders.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F271;F832.33

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