我国金融服务新型城镇化建设研究

发布时间：2018-05-23 09:55

本文选题：新型城镇化 + 金融服务　；参考：《西南财经大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：工业化、现代化发展必然致使生产要素空间集聚从而带来城镇化现象。由于认识不够,我国城镇化建设前期出现诸如重“硬件”轻“软件”、忽视环境保护等问题,党的十八大会议提出城乡一体、区域协调、产城互动的新型城镇化战略。新型城镇化建设俨然成为我国经济结构转型、消费结构调整、产业结构升级的重要动力之一。金融在新型城镇化建设进程中发挥着重要作用,城镇化发展也为金融行业带来难得的机遇和挑战。金融业如何在风险可控条件下更好地支持城镇化建设则是当前亟须解决的问题。本文结合定性、定量分析方法,综合城市经济学、人口经济学、金融学等学科的理论研究方法对这一问题展开规范和实证研究,以求获得全面合理的研究结论并在此基础上提出相关建议。新型城镇化的重要性不言而喻,金融服务在新型城镇化进程中的重要作用也不言自明。金融支持城镇化建设的研究主要有三个方面,其一,城镇化与金融发展相关性研究；其二,金融支持城镇化中存在的困境及其原因；其三,金融支持城镇化的路径选择研究。本文亦从这三个方面综合全面地剖析金融服务城镇化建设的问题。资本、人力等生产要素天生具有逐利性,往往会自发地流向效率高的领域,形成生产要素的空间集聚。生产要素一定程度的空间集聚往往使得生产效率提升、生活成本下降,实现集聚经济,也在一定程度上辐射周边地区的发展。农业部门产出率获得提升颇难,人口却持续增加,致使农村剩余人口的出现。相较于农业部门,工业部门具有生产资料可再生、资源利用效率更高、劳动生产率更高等特点,这恰好吸引农业剩余人口转向工业部门生产,引发城镇化现象。而金融体系的出现、金融效率的提升,为资金结余者和资金短缺者提供了更为便利、信息更为广泛的融通渠道,提高了资金使用效率、生产要素集聚效率,扩大了市场规模,促进工业部门、农业部门生产效率提高,推进经济发展,惠及城镇化发展。此前由于金融发展水平有限,城镇化发展认识不全面等原因,金融对于城镇化的支持主要局限于信贷资金的支持。新型城镇化建设背景下,要实现城镇化与工业化、现代化、农业产业化的协调、可持续发展,信贷支持之外的金融服务对城镇化的支持必不可少,如农业保险、直接融资渠道等等。基于当前我国新型城镇化建设中的信贷资金、农业保险、资本市场直接融资、抵押担保、社会保障体系等金融服务的供需情况分析,发现金融服务新型城镇化建设中存在着数量上供给不足；结构上供需失衡；金融效率低下；金融从业人员服务意识淡薄等情况。理论上来说,金融体系的发展有利于提升储蓄向投资转化的效率,从而促进资本、劳动力、技术等生产要素的空间集聚,推进城镇化发展。城镇化发展扩大了市场规模,有利于提升金融机构的盈利、推动金融制度改革从而促进金融发展。新型城镇化建设背景下,金融服务可以在城镇基建及经济、农业产业化升级和农业转移人口市民化三个方面支持城镇化的建设。基于新型城镇化“以人为核心”的定位,本文选取了户籍人口城镇化率作为城镇化水平的衡量指标；选用了金融相关率(FIR)、存贷款总额与GDP比值(FS)和贷款余额与存款余额之比(FE)分别作为金融深化、金融规模、金融效率的衡量指标。通过对我国1990年到2013年间的数据建模分析发现：中长期来看,城镇化发展与金融发展存在着相互促进的互动关系,金融发展对于城镇化的影响显著且可持续,城镇化发展对于金融的影响显著但逐渐减小。金融支持城镇化建设是必要的,也是可行的；城镇化促进金融发展也是可能的。现实实践中,由于经济、政策、体制、金融生态环境等原因,金融服务城镇化发展存在诸多困境。以资金为主的生产要素天生逐利,财政资金对一些薄弱领域的资金支持往往被金融体系吸收用于其他发展。农村金融发展不足以满足新型城镇化建设的基本需求,一定程度上阻碍了新型城镇化建设的发展。而城镇化建设项目的公益性与金融机构的盈利性也天生矛盾。由于民间资本参与城镇化建设、城镇化项目资本市场直接融资等渠道都尚未完善,城镇化建设中金融服务供需失衡,当前城镇化建设资金来源主要依赖财政支持,财政负担大。作为一个包罗新型农村建设、产业优化升级、工业化发展、转移农业人口市民化的系统,新型城镇化建设中需要金融服务的项目很多。而金融如何在资源有限,风险可控条件下支持城镇化建设则是更为需要关注的问题。基于新型城镇化内涵框架,本文选取了工业化(IL)、农业部门效率(AP)、基础设施建设(IC)、产业结构升级(IS)、中小企业发展(SME)5个因素作为影响城镇化发展的要素,基于我国1998年至2013年间的数据建模分析发现,5个因素与城镇化发展互为格兰杰原因,短期内农业部门效率、工业化、中小企业发展与城镇化呈显著正相关关系,而基础设施建设、产业结构升级由于占用城镇化相关资源而与城镇化呈负相关关系。工业化、农业部门生产效率、中小企业等的发展对城镇化的推动作用明显,而产业结构升级作为“砍柴”前的“磨刀”之举与基础设施建设作为“生火”后的“添薪”之为对于城镇化发展的促进作用虽然不明显但亦不容忽视。基于上述研究,本文提出以下建议,期望能有助于金融服务新型城镇化建设发展：①注重金融创新以满足新型城镇化建设中的金融服务需求；②加.快利率市场化改革,建立城镇化多元化融资渠道；③重视城镇化辐射领域如农业产业化、工业化等的金融支持,促进城镇化的可持续发展。
[Abstract]:Industrialization and modernization will inevitably lead to the agglomeration of production factors and bring about urbanization . In the early stage of urbanization construction in China , such as " hardware " light " software " and neglect of environmental protection , the Party ' s 18th meeting put forward a new type of urbanization strategy , such as " hardware " light " software " , neglect of environmental protection and so on . The new urbanization construction has become one of the important driving forces in the transformation of economic structure , adjustment of consumption structure and industrial structure .

The importance of the new urbanization is self - evident , and the important role of financial services in the new urbanization process is self - evident .
Second , the financial support of the predicament existing in the urbanization and its causes ;
Third , financial support urbanization path choice research . This paper also comprehensively analyzes the problem of the urbanization construction of financial services from these three aspects .

The production efficiency of the agricultural sector is improved , the living cost is reduced , the production efficiency is higher , the labor productivity is higher and the like . The production efficiency of the agricultural sector is improved , the production efficiency of the production element is improved , the market size is promoted , the production efficiency of the agricultural sector is improved , the economic development is promoted , and the urbanization development is benefited .

Because of the limited financial development level and the incomplete understanding of urbanization , the support of the finance to urbanization is mainly limited to the support of credit funds . In the context of the new urbanization construction , it is necessary to realize the coordination of urbanization and industrialization , modernization , agricultural industrialization , sustainable development , direct financing channel and so on . Based on the analysis of the supply and demand of credit funds , agricultural insurance , direct financing of capital market , mortgage guarantee and social security system in China ' s new urbanization construction , it is found that there are insufficient supply of financial services in the construction of urbanization .
imbalance of supply and demand on structure ;
Inefficient financial efficiency ;
The service consciousness of the financial practitioners is light and so on .

On the theory , the development of the financial system is beneficial to the promotion of the efficiency of the transformation of savings to investment , so as to promote the spatial agglomeration of productive elements such as capital , labor and technology , and promote the development of urbanization . Under the background of urbanization , financial services can support the construction of urbanization in the three aspects of urban infrastructure and economy , industrial upgrading of agricultural industrialization and urbanization .
Through the data modeling and analysis between 1990 and 2013 , it is found that the development of urbanization and the financial development are mutually reinforcing , the influence of the financial development on the urbanization is remarkable and sustainable , the urbanization development has a remarkable influence on the finance but gradually decreases . It is necessary and feasible to support the construction of urbanization .
Urbanization is also possible to promote financial development .

In practice , because of economic , policy , system , financial ecological environment and so on , there are many difficulties in the urbanization development of financial services . The financial resources mainly depend on the financial resources for other development . The rural financial development is not enough to meet the basic demand of the new urbanization construction . The rural financial development is not enough to meet the basic demand of the new urbanization construction .

On the basis of the data modeling and analysis between 1998 and 2013 , five factors , such as industrial ( IL ) , agricultural sector efficiency ( AP ) , infrastructure construction ( IC ) , industrial structure upgrading ( IS ) and small and medium - sized enterprises ( SME ) , have positive correlation with urbanization .

Based on the above research , the following suggestions are put forward , which can help the development of the new urbanization of financial services : ( 1 ) pay attention to financial innovation to meet the demand of financial services in the construction of new urbanization ;
( 2 ) The market - oriented reform of fast interest rate and the establishment of diversified financing channels ;
( 3 ) Pay attention to the financial support in the field of urbanization , such as agriculture industrialization and industrialization , and promote the sustainable development of urbanization .
【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F832;F299.21

【参考文献】