非诉讼金融消费纠纷解决机制探讨

发布时间：2018-05-26 05:13

本文选题：非诉讼 + 金融消费纠纷　；参考：《江西财经大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：金融消费者在维系金融良性循环发展中的角色不容漠视,因为他们的个体数量最庞大、资金供应总量最多、资金价格最廉价、存款贡献度最大。但他们组织松散,单个消费者的力量十分脆弱,处于明显弱势的一方,位于整个金融体系的最下层,合法权益最容易受到侵害。2008年爆发的全球金融危机不仅使金融消费者利益受损严重,更使金融体系遭受重创。当各国政府反思危机的深层原因时,纷纷认为金融消费者权益被漠视被滥用是重要诱因,并将强化金融消费者保护作为危机后金融体制改革的三大重点之一。近年来,国内外众多专家学者将金融消费者保护作为重点研究方向之一,研究成果也与日俱增。这些成果主要集中在金融消费者的定义界限、受损表现、基本权利、保护原则、金融教育、信息披露、合同规制、监管改革、纠纷解决等方面。这些研究成果构成了有关该理论与实践的完整体系。与此同时,这些文献也构成了本文研究的起点。本文将研究重点聚焦在非诉讼金融消费纠纷解决机制的构建上。在此之前,并不缺乏这方面的文献,这些资料主要从微观层面分析法院诉讼、金融仲裁、三方和解、申诉专员的适用范围、优势与劣势。本文的新颖之处在于将“统合”思维纳入纠纷解决机制之中,把种类繁多、相对独立的解决手段“统合”起来,从宏观层面把握该机制的世界发展趋势,从中观层面把握各类机制的共性与个性,从微观层面剖析“统合”思维在该机制中的运用。本文框架结构分七部分。其中,第一部分是导论,先是简练地介绍了我国消费者所处的金融环境,提炼了存在的主要问题,指出我国解决手段较为单一,因此诉讼成为最重要的解决手段,但法院的纠纷解决能力与精力日益受到考验,亟须建立新型解决方式,并在此基础上总结了国外盛行与受欢迎的金融消费纠纷处理方法；其次,综述国内外有关方面的研究文献,摸清了其研究脉络,指出其研究空缺；再次,提出本文的研究方向与思路；最后,介绍了研究方法。第二部分是理论分析。首先,简要地分析了金融消费纠纷的特点和性质,特点包括双方实力悬殊、专业性较强、社会影响大,性质包括该纠纷既属于消费纠纷,又属合同或侵权纠纷；其次,从经济学和行为金融学两个视角分析其理论基础,前者包括信息不对称、公共物品理论和自然垄断理论、外部效应理论,后者包括期望理论、处置效应、过度自信、从众心理、心理账户、认知偏差等理论。第三部分是模型分析。这既是研究的难点,也是本文的创新点之一。纵观当前可查找的所有相关研究文献,引入模型分析的文献非常少见。这主要是由于数量模型侧重于定量分析,而本文偏重于定性分析,两者之间很难找到结合点,更何况有关这方面的时间序列不长、不多、不完整。本文依据探索提出了一个理论模型,并以投连险销售为例予以具体分析。虽然以一个案例介绍,但不失一般性。第四部分是我国金融消费纠纷解决现状与问题分析。其中,纠纷现状包括种类和数量较多、消费者的弱势地位明显、金融分业监管存在明显缺陷、诉讼等传统解决方式的效果有限；纠纷解决手段包括金融企业内部、金融业自律机构、信访、证交所纠纷解决；纠纷解决存在的问题则从监管部门、行业协会、金融服务部门等视角剖析；之后,以“乌龙指”事件作为典型案例来具体分析。第五部分介绍非诉讼金融消费纠纷解决机制。首先,回顾其产生与发展；其次,概括其分类与特点,着重介绍调解、仲裁和金融申诉专员(Financial Ombudsman Service,简称FOS)的特点；再次,归纳其国际发展现状,并用表格形式归纳该机制在英国、澳大利亚等11个国家和地区的情况,并具体从金融法律体系、建立情况、监管主体、实施主体、经费等方面总结。第六部分选取代表性国家和地区非诉讼金融消费纠纷解决机制的国际经验进行详细介绍。首先,以日本为例介绍行业统合型解决机制,包括引入背景、立法进程、机构的资质与设立、金融机构的义务、解决流程、主要成效；其次,以中国台湾为例介绍准统合型解决机制,包括构建该机制的考量因素、引入背景、立法与机构设置、金融消费评议中心(Financial Ombudsman Institution,简称FOI)、独特优势；再次,以英国为例介绍完全统合型解决机制,具体从引入背景、机制组成、独特优势介绍；最后,从解决理念、立法保障、发展路径、机构设置、程序保障、约束力、救济手段、费用、效果、人才保障等方面概括上述三类机制。第七部分探讨构建我国非诉讼金融消费纠纷解决机制。其一,要完善我国现有的金融消费纠纷解决机制；其次,逐步引入国外运作成熟的金融申诉专员制度,在引入该制度时要考虑金融消费者的范围、调解机制的约束力、调解机构的设置、诉讼与调解的对接等问题；其三,阐述金融申诉专员制度在我国的实施步骤。
[Abstract]:The role of financial consumers in maintaining a virtuous circle of financial development can not be ignored, because they have the largest number of individuals, the largest supply of funds, the cheapest capital prices, and the greatest contribution to the deposit. But they are loosely organized and the power of individual consumers is very fragile, and the most vulnerable part of the financial system is at the bottom of the financial system. The global financial crisis, which is most likely to be infringed on.2008 years, is not only a serious damage to the interests of financial consumers, but also a serious damage to the financial system. When governments reflect on the deep causes of the crisis, they think that financial consumer rights are ignored and abused as an important inducement, and the financial consumer protection will be strengthened as a result. In recent years, one of the three major priorities of the financial system reform after the crisis. In recent years, many experts and scholars at home and abroad have taken financial consumer protection as one of the key research directions, and the research results are increasing. These achievements are mainly focused on the definition boundary of financial consumers, damage performance, basic rights, protection principles, financial education, information disclosure, and contracts. These research results constitute the complete system of the theory and practice. At the same time, these documents also constitute the starting point of this study. This paper focuses on the construction of the settlement mechanism of non litigation financial consumption disputes. Before this, there is no lack of literature in this area. Some information mainly from the micro level of the court litigation, Financial Arbitration, the three party reconciliation, the scope of the application of the Ombudsman, advantages and disadvantages. The novelty of this article lies in the integration of "unified" thinking into the dispute settlement mechanism, combining a wide variety of relatively independent solutions and grasping the world from the macro level. The development trend is to grasp the generality and individuality of all kinds of mechanisms from the middle level, and analyze the application of "integration" thinking in this mechanism from the micro level. The frame structure of this article is divided into seven parts. The first part is introduction, the first is a brief introduction to the financial environment of China's consumers, refining the main existing problems and pointing out the settlement of our country. The method is relatively simple, so the lawsuit becomes the most important solution, but the ability and energy of the dispute settlement of the court are increasingly tested. It is urgent to establish a new solution. On the basis of this, it summarizes the popular and popular methods of dealing with financial consumption disputes in foreign countries. Secondly, it summarizes the research literature at home and abroad and finds out. Its research vein, point out its research vacancy; again, put forward the research direction and train of thought of this article; finally, it introduces the research method. The second part is the theoretical analysis. First, it briefly analyzes the characteristics and nature of the financial consumption disputes, including the great disparity between the two sides, the strong professionalism, the great social influence, and the nature of the dispute belongs to the dispute, which belongs to the dispute both belong to both Consumption disputes belong to contract or tort disputes. Secondly, the theoretical basis is analyzed from two perspectives of economics and behavioral finance. The former includes information asymmetry, public goods theory and natural monopoly theory, external effect theory, and the latter includes theory of expectation, disposal effect, overconfidence, herd psychology, psychological account, cognitive bias and so on. The third part is model analysis. This is not only the difficulty of the research, but also one of the innovation points of this article. Looking at all the relevant research documents that can be found at present, the literature introducing model analysis is very rare. This is mainly because the quantitative model is focused on the quantitative analysis, and this article is more difficult to find the binding point between the two. The time series of this aspect is not long, not much and incomplete. This paper puts forward a theoretical model based on exploration, and gives a concrete analysis of the sale of venture capital insurance as an example. Although it is introduced in one case, it does not lose its general nature. The fourth part is the analysis of the current situation and problems of our country's financial consumption dispute settlement. Among them, the status of the dispute includes the types and the types of disputes. There are many numbers, the disadvantaged position of the consumers is obvious, the supervision of the financial division has obvious defects, the effect of the traditional solutions such as litigation is limited, and the means of dispute settlement include the internal of financial enterprises, the self-discipline institutions of the financial industry, the petition and the stock exchange, and the problems existing in the dispute settlement are from the supervision department, the trade association and the financial service department. The fifth part introduces the emergence and development of non litigation financial consumption disputes. Secondly, it summarizes its classification and characteristics, and focuses on the special introduction of mediation, arbitration and financial Deuteronomy (Financial Ombudsman Service, FOS). Thirdly, the present situation of international development is summarized, and the situation of the mechanism in 11 countries and regions in Britain and Australia is summed up in the form of form, and from the financial legal system, the establishment of the situation, the subject of supervision, the main body of the implementation, the funds and so on. The sixth part selects the representative national and regional non litigation financial consumption dispute resolution machine. The international experience of the system is introduced in detail. First of all, we take Japan as an example to introduce the industry unified solution mechanism, including the introduction of the background, the legislative process, the qualification and establishment of the institutions, the obligations of the financial institutions, the solution process and the main results. Secondly, this paper introduces the quasi unified solution mechanism in Taiwan, China, including the consideration of the factors for the construction of the mechanism. Into the background, the legislative and institutional settings, the Financial Ombudsman Institution, the unique advantage of the center. Again, the United Kingdom is introduced as an example of the complete integration type solution mechanism, specifically from the introduction of the background, the mechanism, the unique advantage introduction; finally, from the solution concept, the legislative guarantee, the development path, the institution setting, the program protection. The above three mechanisms are summarized in the aspects of barrier, binding, relief means, cost, effect and talent guarantee. The seventh part discusses the construction of our country's non litigation financial consumption dispute settlement mechanism. First, we should perfect the existing financial consumption dispute settlement mechanism in our country; secondly, introduce the mature financial ombudsman system of foreign operation, in the introduction of this system. The system should consider the scope of financial consumers, the binding force of mediation mechanism, the setting of mediation institutions, the docking of litigation and mediation, and third, the implementation steps of the Financial Ombudsman System in China.
【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.28;F832

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