中国城镇与农村金融排斥差异与影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-06-02 02:20

本文选题：城镇金融 + 农村金融　；参考：《重庆大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：金融作为现代经济的核心对经济社会的发展具有重要的促进作用。自改革开放以来，中国的金融体系不断完善，城镇和农村金融都得到了一定的发展。农村金融体系也逐渐形成了以中国农业银行、中国农业发展银行、农村信用社、邮政储蓄银行为主的形式。但总体来看，金融对中国经济增长的促进作用还很有限，城镇和农村也暴露出了一些金融发展问题，尤其是在经济落后的农村地区，金融问题更加严重，导致经济主体从就近金融机构获取金融产品和金融服务存在一定的困难，即金融排斥(Financial Exclusion)问题。一般认为，金融排斥是指由于没有合适的获取渠道，社会中的部分经济主体不能以合适的方式获得主流金融机构提供的金融产品和服务。它是一个多维度的动态复合概念，不仅与金融服务的地理可达性即地理排斥有关，而且还包括评估排斥、条件排斥、价格排斥、营销排斥、自我排斥。目前，中国金融排斥现象已十分普遍，各省市、自治区、直辖市之间，以及城镇和农村之间的金融排斥程度都相差较大。因此，研究金融排斥问题，将金融发展与摆脱贫困联系起来，能够为中国治理严峻的贫富差距，城镇和农村之间以及区域之间发展不平衡等问题提供支持，同时扩展了学术界对金融发展问题的研究维度。另外，金融排斥作为社会排斥的一个子集，是社会排斥在金融领域的延伸。一方面中国正处于经济持续快速发展的阶段，一些社会经济问题也逐渐暴露了出来，如贫富差距、城镇和农村之间以及区域之间发展不平衡等问题。另一方面，政府正大力推进社会主义新农村建设，以及以人为核心的城镇化进程。因此，研究中国城镇和农村的金融排斥问题，对于完善中国城镇和农村金融体系，缓解社会排斥程度，推动经济金融健康持续的发展，都具有非常重大的现实意义。基于以上的分析，本文从城镇和农村二元视角出发，研究中国城镇和农村金融排斥差异与影响因素。首先，文章通过对已有研究的分析和借鉴，构建了金融排斥四维评价指标体系，采用主成分分析法科学的测度了中国城镇和农村的金融排斥差异程度，并根据测算出的指数值，对各省市进行了综合排名和评价分析。然后，利用1995-2011年间中国29个样本省市、自治区、直辖市的面板数据，用两阶段最小二乘估计(2SLS)法,从外部环境和个人禀赋两个方面，对中国城镇和农村金融排斥差异的影响因素进行实证分析。结论主要有以下几点：一是，中国城镇和农村金融排斥差异显著。在中国城镇和农村二元经济结构背景下，城镇和农村经济增长不平衡，二者金融业发展进程各异，导致城镇和农村金融排斥差异问题日益扩大；二是，中国城镇和农村金融排斥差异具有地理集聚性，即从整体上看，经济增长迅速的东部沿海地区，其城镇和农村金融排斥差异问题比中西部更加显著；三是，对中国城镇和农村金融排斥差异的影响因素实证研究可知，地区生产总值、固定资产投资、地区年龄结构以及居民消费水平四个因素与各省市城镇和农村金融排斥差异之间呈现显著正相关，而人均财政支出、女性人口占比和受教育状况则呈现出负的显著性影响。最后，针对文章的研究和探讨，结合中国城镇和农村金融排斥的现状，提出四个方面的建议。即统筹中国城镇与农村之间以及各区域之间的发展，增强各地区金融产品和服务的可得性；创新金融产品和服务，强化金融知识教育；以及增强政府支持力度，加强体制建设，完善金融体系；大力增加农村金融服务供给，减少金融排斥。
[Abstract]:As the core of modern economy, finance plays an important role in promoting the development of the economy and society. Since the reform and opening up, China's financial system has been perfected, and the urban and rural finance has been developed. The rural financial system has gradually formed with the Agricultural Bank of China, the agricultural development Bank of China, the rural credit cooperatives and the postal storage. However, in general, the role of Finance in promoting China's economic growth is still limited, and some financial problems have been exposed in towns and rural areas, especially in the backward rural areas, and the financial problems are more serious, resulting in the existence of financial products and financial services from the financial institutions in the near financial institutions. The difficulty is Financial Exclusion.
It is generally believed that financial exclusion refers to the lack of appropriate access channels. Some economic entities in the society cannot obtain financial products and services provided by the mainstream financial institutions in a suitable way. It is a multi-dimensional and dynamic complex concept, not only related to the geographical accessibility of financial services, but also the assessment of geographical exclusion. Exclusion, condition exclusion, price exclusion, marketing exclusion, self exclusion. At present, China's financial exclusion is very common. The degree of financial exclusion between cities and cities, between cities and towns and between towns and rural areas is quite different. Therefore, the study of financial exclusion is related to the relationship between financial development and poverty relief. The grim gap between the rich and the poor, the disequilibrium between towns and the countryside, and the uneven development of the region have been supported, and the academic dimension of the research on financial development has been expanded.
In addition, Financial Exclusion, as a subset of social exclusion, is an extension of social exclusion in the financial field. On the one hand, China is in the stage of sustained and rapid economic development, and some social and economic problems are gradually exposed, such as the gap between the rich and the poor, the imbalance between the cities and the countryside and the development of the region. On the other hand, the government It is making great efforts to promote the construction of new socialist countryside and the process of urbanization. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the financial exclusion of Chinese towns and rural areas, to improve the financial system of China's towns and rural areas, to alleviate the degree of social exclusion and to promote the sustained development of economic and financial health.
Based on the above analysis, this paper studies the differences and influence factors of China's urban and rural financial exclusion from the perspective of urban and rural two yuan. First, through the analysis and reference of the existing research, the paper constructs a four dimension evaluation index system for Financial Exclusion, and uses the principal component analysis to measure the finance of China's urban and rural areas scientifically. Excluding the degree of difference, and according to the calculated value, the provinces and cities are ranked and evaluated. Then, using the panel data of 29 samples of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government of China in the past 1995-2011 years, the two stage least square estimation (2SLS) method is used in two aspects of the external environment and personal endowment to China's urban and rural finance. The conclusion is as follows:
First, there are significant differences in financial exclusion between cities and rural areas in China. In the context of the two yuan economic structure of China's cities and rural areas, the economic growth of towns and rural areas is unbalanced and the development process of the two financial industry is different, which leads to the increasing problem of the difference between urban and rural financial exclusion, and two, the differences of Financial Exclusion in urban and rural areas in China have a geographical collection. On the whole, in the eastern coastal areas with rapid economic growth, the problem of urban and Rural Financial Exclusion differences is more significant than that in the central and western regions. Three, the empirical study of the factors affecting the differences of urban and Rural Financial Exclusion in China shows that the GDP, the investment in fixed assets, the age structure of the region and the consumption level of the residents There is a significant positive correlation between the four factors and the differences in urban and Rural Financial Exclusion in various provinces and cities, while the per capita fiscal expenditure, the proportion of women's population and the situation of education have a negative significant impact.
Finally, in view of the research and discussion of the article, combined with the current situation of China's urban and rural financial exclusion, four suggestions are put forward. That is, to co-ordinate the development of China's cities and towns and between the regions, to enhance the availability of financial products and services in each region, to innovate financial products and services, to strengthen the education of financial knowledge; and to increase the financial knowledge education; Strong government support, strengthen system construction, improve the financial system, vigorously increase the supply of rural financial services, reduce financial exclusion.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F299.21;F832.35

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