经济转型下我国农村小额信贷发展问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-13 22:52

本文选题：经济转型 + 小额信贷　；参考：《吉林大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：小额信贷已经有40年的发展历史，它作为一种有效的扶贫手段，已经逐渐成为发展中国家和地区农村金融发展的重要组成部分。大量研究分析证明，在农村的贫困人群需要小额信贷，以此增加他们的收入，提高生活水平以及在发生危机时提高自身抵御风险的能力。想要达到减少贫困、缩小贫富差距的目标，政府除了建立稳定的财政支农政策和公共金融的普及之外，更应该建立多样化、市场化的小额信贷组织，从根本上解决农民融资难的问题。我国小额信贷产生于20世纪80年代，，当时主要是与扶贫相结合，由非政府组织向贫困人群提供小额贷款。随着三农问题的凸显，小额信贷作为一种有效的扶贫手段，逐渐成为我国农村金融发展的主要动力和中坚力量。现阶段随着我国经济转型的不断深化，金融体系的变革与推进也随之而来，政府对金融市场的管制逐渐放开，利率市场化的进程也逐步加快，小额信贷在这个过程中既迎来了发展的机遇，同时也面临着巨大的挑战，资金来源、风险控制、贷款利率、治理结构以及监管等问题都制约着小额信贷的可持续发展，因此针对这些暴露出的问题研究出相应的对策和建议具有紧迫的现实意义。本文主要通过分析我国农村小额信贷在经济转型中所暴露出的问题，结合国内外小额信贷发展的成功案例，有针对性的提出了一些可行性比较强的建议。全文共分为五个部分进行论述：第1章，导论，主要论述了本文的选题意义和选题背景，国内外研究动态，研究思路和本文的创新之处。在小额信贷的国内外研究动态中，分别从小额信贷的定义、作用和意义以及存在的主要问题三个方面来分析了国内外对小额信贷的研究成果。第2章，首先对小额信贷的一些基本概念和特征做一个概述，然后以孟加拉乡村银行（GB）和菲律宾农业农村发展中心(CARD-MRI)为实例，分析了它们的发展概况和可以借鉴的成功经验。第3章是对我国小额信贷发展现状的分析，这一部分首先对我国农村小额信贷发展的经济背景做了介绍，然后指出根据我国经济转型的发展历程，农村小额信贷总共经历了三个阶段的发展，即非政府组织的“早期项目试验”，扶贫性政策性的小额信贷到现在商业化的小额信贷。在这三个阶段里，小额信贷组织机构模式也不断创新进化，本章通过大量的数据和实例描述了这些小额信贷机构的发展现状，并剖析了“中和农信小额信贷项目”以及“海南农信社”这两个国内小额信贷组织成功的原因，加以借鉴。第4章主要从小额信贷机构组织和管理体制、业务发展、风险控制以及监管四个方面分析了目前我国农村小额信贷所存在的问题。第5章主要针对上一章分析出的存在的问题，笔者提出了五点对策和建议，即探索小额信贷新模式，拓展资金来源渠道、建立灵活的利率体系、完善信用环境和建立健全相关监管法规。
[Abstract]:Micro - credit has been developed in 40 years . As an effective means of poverty alleviation , it has become an important part of the development of rural finance in developing countries and regions .

With the deepening of our country ' s economic transformation and the gradual acceleration of the reform and advancement of the financial system , the process of the marketization of the interest rate has gradually accelerated .

Based on the analysis of the problems exposed in the economic transformation of rural microfinance in our country and the successful cases of micro credit development at home and abroad , some suggestions are put forward .

Chapter 1 , Introduction , mainly discusses the topic meaning and topic background of this article , the research developments at home and abroad , the research thinking and the innovation of this paper . In the research developments at home and abroad , the research results of micro - credit are analyzed from three aspects : the definition , function and significance of microcredit , and the main problems .

Chapter 2 gives an overview of some basic concepts and characteristics of microcredit , and then analyzes their development and successful experiences with CARD - MRI in Bangladesh Rural Bank ( GB ) and the Philippine Agricultural Rural Development Center ( CARD - MRI ) .

Chapter 3 is an analysis of the present situation of micro credit development in China . This part firstly introduces the economic background of rural microfinance development in our country , then points out that according to the development of our country ' s economic transformation , the rural microfinance has experienced three stages of development , namely , the " early project test " of non - governmental organizations , the pro - poor policy micro - credit to the present commercial micro - credit . In these three stages , the development status of these microfinance institutions is described through a large amount of data and examples .

Chapter 4 analyzes the problems existing in rural microfinance in China mainly from four aspects : the organization and management system of microfinance institutions , business development , risk control and supervision .

Chapter 5 mainly focuses on the problems existing in the previous chapter , and puts forward five countermeasures and suggestions , namely exploring the new mode of microfinance , expanding the channel of funds source , establishing a flexible interest rate system , perfecting the credit environment and establishing and perfecting the relevant regulations .
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F832.43;F832.39

【参考文献】