清至民国万开云地区场市的时空演变

发布时间：2018-01-19 07:15

本文关键词： 万开云地区场市时空演变场镇平面组织形态　出处：《上海师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文是一项以聚落为视角、以场市为研究对象的区域历史人文地理研究。本文总体的框架设计是由宏观及微观,主要从时空分布、场市要素和场市形态三方面探究清至民国万开云地区场市的时空演变。在本文的第一部分,首先讨论店子的问题及其与场市之间的关系,如下两点基本认识:其一,店子的存在可与场市相互补充,甚至在场市产生之前,一度替代场市来满足当地民众的基本交易需求。其二,店子的先行存在往往会成为开设场市的基础。然后就明代以前场市的概况进行追溯,并通过清至民国时期的地方志、地理考察报告等文献对该地区的场市的发展脉络、数量、分布特征加以探讨,可以得出:其一,万开云地区的场市数经过两百年由乾隆初期的23个逐步增长到20世纪40年代末的216个;其二,万开云地区的场市主要沿溪河分布,北疏南密,东稀西密,这与地貌密切相关;其三,三县的幅员面积大致相当,而万县的场市密度高于开县、云阳二县。地貌、稻作农业、井盐、交通等因素对场市的分布格局的作用和影响,一同造就了该地区场市的分布格局。本文的第二部分是对与场市息息相关的倡建人、场名、场期和服务人口规模等要素的具体分析。笔者循着“倡建人-拟定场名-约定场期-场市发展集聚人口”的逻辑思路,以场市的倡建人、场名、场期和人口规模等四方面对场市本身作出一些定性和定量的论述,以期从中归纳出一些万开云地区场市的类型特质。作为地方有资望者的戴华万带领民众复兴故陵镇的故事,虽为一特例,却有着其内在行为逻辑,即有资望者的倡议和领导往往是一个地方开设场市的起点。对于场名、场期、人口规模的分析,可知万开云地区的场市的场名多以既有地名为名,流传于今的亦如是,场期多一旬三场和百日场,而人口除了如云安镇、温汤井等千户巨镇外,多为数十户至数百户不等的百户场市。本文的第三部分是微观视角的探究。经过对万开云地区各场镇所处的地貌情况的考察,结论为:本区场镇多产生于河谷地带的冲积阶地或平坝,与第一部分中“河向性”结论是一致的,不过亦有少数受交通线路的影响分布于山间垭口或山岭顶部的交通线上。除小江各支流、汤溪的一段外,尽管本区长江南北两岸均不能行船,但由于本区的交通网络基本与河流水网同构,河谷地带兼有地貌、农业、人口、交通等区位优势,自当为本区大部分场镇的密集分布区。至于场镇的平面组织形态,盖以线性形态为主,普通场镇多呈现出街村形态,“夹道设铺,沿道展布”。从场镇的发育程度来看,本地区场镇总体以二维线性型为主,足见地貌和交通路线对于其外部形态影响甚为深远。通过对场镇上祠庙的分布和职能的分析,得出结论:场镇不仅是一方的经济中心地,同时还具有文化中心地的职能,其实现主要通过建于场镇上的祠庙及附着于其上的义学来实现。
[Abstract]:This paper is a study of regional historical human geography from the perspective of settlement and the study of market. The overall frame of this paper is designed by macro and micro, mainly from the distribution of time and space. In the first part of this paper, the author discusses the relationship between the shop and the market and the relationship between the shop and the market. The following two basic understandings: first, the existence of stores and the market can complement each other, even before the presence of the market, once replaced the market to meet the basic needs of local people. The first existence of shops will often become the basis of opening market. Then the general situation of the market before the Ming Dynasty was traced and through the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China period of local records. Geographical investigation reports and other documents on the development of the local market context, quantity, distribution characteristics are discussed, can be drawn: first. The number of markets in Wankayun area increased gradually from 23 in the early Qianlong period to 216 at the end of 1940s after two hundred years; Secondly, the market in Wankayun area mainly distributes along the stream, north is sparse and south is dense, east is dilute and west is dense, which is closely related to geomorphology; Third, the area of the three counties is about the same, and the density of the field and market in Wanxian is higher than that in Kaixian, Yunyang, Yunyang, the geomorphology, rice farming agriculture, well salt, traffic and other factors affect the distribution pattern of the field and market. The second part of this paper is about the field name, which is closely related to the market. The author follows the logical thinking of "advocate constructor-draw up field name-contract field period-field market development agglomeration population", take the advocate of market market, field name. The market itself is discussed qualitatively and quantitatively from the four aspects of field period and population scale. With a view to sum up some of the local Kaiyun area market characteristics of the type. As a local asset Dai Huawan led the people to revive the town, although a special case, but has its inherent behavioral logic. That is, the initiative and leadership of people with assets is often the starting point of a place to open a market market. For the market name, market period, population scale analysis, we can see that the market name of Kaiyun area is mostly named by the existing place names. Spread in the same way today, the field more than 10 days and a hundred days, and the population in addition to Yunan Town, Wentang well and other thousands of large towns. The third part of this paper is the microscopic perspective of the exploration. Through the investigation of the geomorphological situation of each town in Wankaiyun area. The conclusion is that the alluvial terraces or flat dams in the valley are the most common in this area, which is consistent with the conclusion of "river direction" in the first part. However, a few are affected by traffic lines in the Shanjiangya pass or on the top of the mountain. Except for the tributaries of Xiaojiang and the section of Tangxi, even though the two sides of the Yangtze River in this area are not allowed to sail on either side of the river. However, because the traffic network in this area is basically the same as the river network, the river valley has the advantages of landform, agriculture, population, transportation and so on. As for the plane organization of the town, the main form of the cover is linear, and the common town mostly presents the street and village form, "the street is paved." The distribution along the road ". From the development degree of Changzhen, the whole Changzhen in this area is mainly of two-dimensional linear type. Through the analysis of the distribution and function of the temple and temple in Changzhen, it is concluded that Changzhen is not only the economic center of one side. At the same time, it has the function of cultural center, which is mainly realized by the temple built in the town and the science of righteousness attached to it.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F729;K29

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