单位劳动力成本对制造业出口的影响

发布时间：2018-03-05 08:52

本文选题：制造业出口　切入点：比较优势　出处：《浙江工商大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：2013年中国一跃成为世界最大的货物贸易国,货物贸易进出口的总量达到4.16万亿美元。其中出口额2.21万亿美元,占世界总出口额比重的11.8%,已经连续五年位居全球首位。而工业制成品一直是我国对外贸易的主要出口产品,尽管过去30年来我国制造业在国际市场上承担着世界工厂的角色,但国外企业真的是看中“中国制造”的卓越品质才选择进口我国商品么?事实上,廉价而丰富的劳动力是中国制造业长期以来备受国外企业青睐的主要原因,也是造成我国一直处于工业制造业生态链最底端的一个根源所在。随着人口红利的逐渐消失和近年来以美国为首的西方发达国家在工业化主张的提出,中国制造业和国际贸易是否还能保持原有的竞争优势。对此,本文从比较优势理论为出发点,通过对制造业劳动力成本和劳动生产率的国内外比较来探索制造业劳动力成本的比较优势变化。通过比较研究分析得出,中国制造业劳动力成本比较优势虽然还比较显著,但是近几年来的相对竞争力优势有削弱的趋势。人口红利在逐渐衰退,制造业通过转型升级提高劳动生产率迫在眉睫。制造业单位劳动成本对出口贸易的实证研究结果表明,单位劳动力成本对贸易出口额的变动有着显著的负面影响。此外,汇率的提升对贸易出口额也有着显著地负面影响,而原材料、燃料、动力购进指数的提升对贸易出口额变动有着显著的正向作用。本文共分为六个部分：第一章绪论部分主要阐述选题的背景、研究意义、创新点、难点,并对本文研究的方法和文章框架进行介绍。第二章主要对本文研究的理论基础和相关学者在制造业劳动力成本和制造业出口方面的研究成果做了阐述和相关评述。第三章通过对制造业劳动力成本和劳动生产率的国内外比较研究对我国制造业劳动力的比较优势进行分析。第四章从我国制造业出口的总量和结构上对近年来的制造业出口的发展趋势进行判断分析。第五章为本文的实证研究部分,在构建指标影响体系后,通过对劳动力成本和劳动生产率的比值得出的单位劳动成本来对出口额总量进行测算,并对各变量的参数进行解释说明。第六章根据本文的研究进行总结和提出相应的政策建议。
[Abstract]:In 2013, China became the world's largest trading country in goods, with a total import and export volume of $4.16 trillion. Of this amount, $2.21 trillion was exported. China's manufacturing industry has been the main export product in China's foreign trade for five consecutive years, although over the past 30 years China's manufacturing industry has assumed the role of world factory in the international market. But are foreign enterprises really interested in the excellent quality of "made in China" before they choose to import Chinese goods? In fact, cheap and abundant labor is the main reason why Chinese manufacturing industry has long been favored by foreign companies. It is also one of the root causes that cause China to be at the bottom of the ecological chain of industrial manufacturing. With the gradual disappearance of the demographic dividend and the proposal of industrialized countries led by the United States in recent years, Whether China's manufacturing industry and international trade can still maintain its original competitive advantage. In this paper, from the perspective of comparative advantage theory, By comparing the labor cost and labor productivity of manufacturing industry at home and abroad to explore the change of comparative advantage of manufacturing labor cost. Through comparative research and analysis, it is concluded that the comparative advantage of manufacturing labor cost in China is still relatively significant. However, in recent years, the relative competitive advantage has tended to weaken. The demographic dividend is gradually declining, and it is urgent for manufacturing industry to improve its labor productivity through transformation and upgrading. The empirical study on the unit labor cost of manufacturing industry to export trade shows that, Unit labor costs have a significant negative impact on the movement of trade exports. In addition, the appreciation of exchange rates also has a significant negative impact on trade exports, while raw materials, fuels, The promotion of dynamic purchasing index has a significant positive effect on the change of trade export volume. This paper is divided into six parts: the first chapter introduces the background of the topic, research significance, innovation, difficulties, The second chapter mainly introduces the theoretical basis of this study and the research results of related scholars in manufacturing labor costs and manufacturing exports. The third chapter analyzes the comparative advantage of manufacturing labor force in China through the comparative study of labor cost and productivity of manufacturing industry at home and abroad. Chapter 4th analyzes the total quantity and structure of manufacturing industry export in recent years. Chapter 5th is the empirical research part of this paper. After constructing the index influence system, the unit labor cost obtained by the ratio of labor cost and labor productivity is used to measure the total export volume. Chapter 6th summarizes the research in this paper and puts forward the corresponding policy recommendations.
【学位授予单位】：浙江工商大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F424;F752.62

【参考文献】