贸易自由化、产品质量与企业加成率

发布时间：2018-03-19 05:17

本文选题：贸易自由化　切入点：产品质量　出处：《浙江工商大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在将近40年的改革开放过程中,我国在推进国际贸易自由化方面一直扮演着重要角色,中国进口商品通关税率的加权平均值已经从1992年的32.18%降到2001年的14.11%,到2009年的时候关税仅为3.93%。近几年,中国广泛推进的自由贸易区战略也被视为提倡和推进贸易自由化内在逻辑一致的新举措。贸易的自由化程度不断提高意味着国际上的企业越来越便于在全球范围内寻找最廉价的成本和最优的产品及服务。上述过程对我国的经济和企业产生着深远持久的影响。在日益自由化的国际市场上,国内外企业的行为和表现中体现着企业异质性:生产率高的企业比生产率较低的企业规模更大,拥有更大的市场份额,更有可能成为出口商,而生产率较低的公司仅在国内经营。生产效率高的企业的竞争能力较强,可能给同质产品定价较高,并在市场获得主导权;另一方面与其竞争对手相比,这些生产效率高的企业又具有成本优势,可以获得的加成率较高,所以这些企业的加成率较高。因此,在这样的背景下,结合贸易自由化和产品质量来联合探讨企业加成率的进一步研究是必要的。对于此类问题进行探讨和研究,首先能够增加社会福利,其次能为政府政策的制定提供政策依据,最后可以帮助企业提高自身竞争实力。本文也有助于近些年关于自由贸易效益的文献的研究。虽然这些研究集中于贸易中企业生产效率的增加,但我们研究了另一个潜在机制—企业加成率分布的变化—本文结果表明,基于“竞争效应”和“学习效应”:第一,贸易自由化促使企业进行创新,学习效应使企业加大研发和技术创新投资力度,改进生产,升级设备,提高了产品质量,提高了产出效率和技术水平,从而降低边际成本,企业加成率便大大提高;第二,由于贸易自由化减少了各种贸易壁垒,使贸易成本大大降低,企业的生产成本也随之降低,企业加成率自然会增加。第三,然而市场竞争的加剧会使企业间相互降价以争夺市场,这样一来企业更需要提高加成率来保持竞争优势。根据理论分析和实证分析的结果,本文提出政府应该推进改革开放,同时推进贸易自由化,打破区域壁垒,降低企业销售成本,利用市场的力量推动企业转型升级,提高产品质量,促进市场发展。
[Abstract]:In the course of nearly 40 years of reform and opening up, China has been playing an important role in promoting the liberalization of international trade. The weighted average of tariff rates on Chinese imports has been reduced from 32.18% on 1992 to 14.11 on 2001, and by 2009 the tariff was only 3.93 percent. China's extensive free trade zone strategy is also seen as a new initiative that advocates and promotes trade liberalization with consistent internal logic. The increasing degree of trade liberalization means that international enterprises are becoming more and more convenient in the global scope. The process has a profound and lasting impact on our economy and business. In an increasingly liberalized international market, The behavior and performance of enterprises at home and abroad reflect the heterogeneity of enterprises: enterprises with high productivity are larger than those with lower productivity, have a larger market share, and are more likely to become exporters. Companies with lower productivity operate only domestically. Firms with high production efficiency are more competitive, may have higher pricing for homogeneous products and gain market dominance; on the other hand, compared with their competitors, These enterprises with high production efficiency have the advantage of cost and can get higher addition rate, so the addition rate of these enterprises is higher. Therefore, in this context, It is necessary to combine the trade liberalization and product quality to discuss the further study of the addition rate of enterprises. To discuss and study this kind of problem, first of all, it can increase the social welfare, and secondly, it can provide the policy basis for the government policy making. Finally, it can help enterprises to improve their own competitive strength. This paper also contributes to the recent literature on the benefits of free trade. Although these studies focus on the increase of enterprise productivity in trade, But we studied another potential mechanism-the change in the distribution of firm additionsThe results of this paper show that, based on the "competitive effect" and "learning effect": first, trade liberalization encourages firms to innovate. Learning effect causes enterprises to increase investment in R & D and technological innovation, improve production, upgrade equipment, improve product quality, improve output efficiency and technical level, thus reduce marginal cost, and increase enterprise addition rate greatly; second, Since trade liberalization has reduced all kinds of barriers to trade, the cost of trade has been greatly reduced, and the production costs of enterprises have also been reduced. The addition rate of enterprises will naturally increase. Third, However, the aggravation of market competition will make the enterprises reduce their prices to compete for the market, so the enterprises need to increase the addition rate to maintain their competitive advantage. According to the results of theoretical analysis and empirical analysis, this paper proposes that the government should promote the reform and opening up. At the same time, we should promote trade liberalization, break down regional barriers, reduce enterprise sales costs, use market forces to promote enterprise transformation and upgrade, improve product quality, and promote market development.
【学位授予单位】：浙江工商大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F752;F273.2;F279.2

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