中国环境规制的出口贸易三元边际效应研究

发布时间：2018-04-12 20:27

本文选题：环境规制 + 扩展边际　；参考：《浙江工商大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：中国环境规制的出口贸易效应日益受到经济学理论界的广泛关注,既有成果主要聚焦于环境规制对出口贸易总量的宏观影响,鲜有研究从微观视角探讨环境规制对出口贸易三元边际的影响与作用。本文结合新新贸易理论,从产品层面对我国出口贸易进行扩展边际、数量边际和价格边际分解,并对环境规制的出口贸易三元边际效应予以实证分析。本文的研究共分为六章:第一章结合相关研究背景提出本文的研究思路;第二章从环境规制的贸易效应和出口贸易边际两方面归纳总结国内外相关研究进展;第三章运用相关理论阐释环境规制对出口贸易边际的影响机理;第四章从总体上分析中国环境规制和出口贸易的发展现状;第五章对环境规制的出口贸易三元边际效应进行计量分析;第六章根据理论和实证分析凝练研究结论,并提出相应的政策建议。理论研究部分,笔者借助HMR模型剖析了环境规制如何基于企业行为选择机制进而影响一国的出口贸易边际。就经济学逻辑而言,环境规制的主要作用在于促进环境成本内部化,使得私人成本与社会成本相一致,进而实现社会福利最大化。从静态角度看,环境成本内部化引致的生产边际成本上升会促使企业缩减生产规模,出口数量边际减少;另外,企业的出口门槛提高,出口扩展边际下降。从动态角度看,环境规制会激励企业为弥补生产成本上升造成的损失而进行创新,企业通过技术创新可以提高生产率从而减少生产成本,企业的出口门槛降低,有利于提高出口的扩展边际和数量边际;同时,产品技术创新有助于提高产品质量、扩大利润空间,提升出口价格边际。实证研究部分,本文借鉴Hummels和Klenow(2005)的方法,将中国出口规模分解为扩展边际、数量边际和价格边际三个方面,以2001～2014年32个工业行业加权标准化后的固体废弃物综合利用率作为环境规制的衡量指标,并在模型中加入行业平均规模、研发密度、资本密度和劳动生产率作为控制变量进行计量分析。回归结果表明.·环境规制强度的提高虽然会明显抑制数量边际,但对扩展边际和价格边际均有不同程度的促进作用;环境规制的出口贸易三元边际效应呈明显的行业差异,环境规制正向影响低污染行业的扩展边际和价格边际,但对高污染行业仅正向影响其价格边际,对扩展边际影响不大。总体而言,加强环境规制虽然会在一定程度上抑制出口数量边际,但更多的是激励企业专注于开发新型产品和提升产品质量,最终有利于我国出口贸易结构的优化。基于研究结论,本文从环境规制和出口贸易可持续发展两方面提出了若干政策建议。在丰富环境规制手段和完善环境规制政策的同时应努力鼓励企业创新、完善知识产权保护、促进环保产业发展。
[Abstract]:The export trade effect of environmental regulation in China has been paid more and more attention by the economic theorists. The existing achievements mainly focus on the macro impact of environmental regulation on the total export trade.Few studies have explored the impact and effect of environmental regulation on the ternary margin of export trade from a micro perspective.Based on the new and new trade theory, this paper analyzes the ternary marginal effect of environmental regulation on export trade by expanding the margin of China's export trade from the product level, dividing the margin of quantity and price, and analyzing the ternary marginal effect of environmental regulation on export trade.The research of this paper is divided into six chapters: the first chapter combines with the relevant research background to put forward the research ideas of this paper; the second chapter summarizes the domestic and foreign related research progress from the trade effect of environmental regulation and the marginal of export trade.The third chapter explains the influence mechanism of environmental regulation on the marginal of export trade by using relevant theories, the fourth chapter analyzes the current situation of environmental regulation and export trade in China as a whole.The fifth chapter analyzes the ternary marginal effect of environmental regulation on export trade, and the sixth chapter analyzes the conclusion of the research based on theory and empirical analysis, and puts forward the corresponding policy recommendations.In the theoretical research part, the author analyzes how the environmental regulation based on the enterprise behavior choice mechanism affects a country's export trade margin with the help of HMR model.As far as economic logic is concerned, the main function of environmental regulation is to promote the internalization of environmental cost, to make private cost consistent with social cost, and to realize the maximization of social welfare.From the static point of view, the increase of marginal cost of production caused by internalization of environmental cost will urge enterprises to reduce the scale of production and reduce the marginal amount of export. In addition, the threshold of export is raised and the marginal margin of export expansion decreases.From a dynamic point of view, environmental regulation will encourage enterprises to innovate to compensate for the loss caused by rising production costs. Through technological innovation, enterprises can increase productivity and reduce production costs, and the export threshold of enterprises will be lowered.At the same time, product technological innovation is helpful to improve product quality, expand profit margin and increase export price margin.In the part of empirical research, this paper uses the method of Hummels and Klenowan 2005 to divide the scale of China's export into three aspects: expanded marginal, quantitative marginal and price marginal.The comprehensive utilization ratio of solid waste from 32 industrial industries in 2001-2014 was taken as the measure of environmental regulation, and the average scale of industry and the density of R & D were added to the model.Capital density and labor productivity are used as control variables for econometric analysis.The regression results show that the increase of environmental regulation intensity can obviously restrain the margin of quantity, but it can promote the margin of expansion and the margin of price to some extent, and the ternary marginal effect of export trade of environmental regulation is obviously different in industry.Environmental regulation positively affects the expansion margin and the price margin of the low pollution industry, but only positively affects the price margin of the high pollution industry, but has little effect on the expansion margin.Generally speaking, strengthening environmental regulation will restrain the margin of export quantity to a certain extent, but it will encourage enterprises to focus on developing new products and improving product quality, which is beneficial to the optimization of export trade structure in China.Based on the research conclusions, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions from the aspects of environmental regulation and sustainable development of export trade.While enriching the means of environmental regulation and perfecting the policy of environmental regulation, we should strive to encourage enterprises to innovate, perfect the protection of intellectual property and promote the development of environmental protection industry.
【学位授予单位】：浙江工商大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F752.62

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