供给侧改革背景下山东省出口贸易结构优化研究

发布时间：2018-06-25 14:33

本文选题：供给侧改革 + 出口贸易　；参考：《曲阜师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：2008年全球经济危机以后,我国经济增速逐步放缓,出口贸易的各项指标整体上也呈现出下降趋势,经济进入中高速增长的新常态,与此同时,生产成本上升、资本边际效用降低、市场机制不健全等结构性问题日益突出。在出口贸易方面,出口总量大而质量低,以粗放型的增长方式为主,加工贸易在贸易方式中长期占据较大比重,很多企业仍然处于全球产业链的低端,出口企业全要素生产率较低,产品的贸易增加值低。针对经济新常态中出现的各种结构性问题,“供给侧改革”应运而生,从要素端和生产端两个维度对经济结构进行根本性调整。“供给侧改革”与出口贸易结构的优化同属结构性变化,二者具有很多共通之处,前者为后者的开展创造了良好的外部环境,后者是对前者在重点领域的落实和深化。山东省是中国东部沿海的经济大省和贸易大省,大而不精,有量无质等中国出口贸易发展中出现的问题在山东的出口贸易中同样存在。山东省的出口贸易结构经过几十年的发展,在商品结构、主体结构、贸易方式等方面都有所优化和提升,但总体来看出口贸易结构与贸易发达地区相比仍有不小的差距。因此研究山东省出口贸易结构的动态变化,从中发现劣势和不足,并找出相应对策,对于优化出口贸易结构,促进山东省出口贸易持续健康的发展具有重要意义。“供给侧改革”在要素端和生产端的改革对出口贸易结构的优化具有重要意义,要素端强调通过企业的创新升级提高要素的使用效率,促进要素的合理配置,生产端主要强调通过政府化解各个产业、各领域体制机制的障碍,推进产业结构的优化升级,本文中山东出口贸易结构的优化升级的路径选择借鉴了这一模式。本文对出口贸易结构及其各组成部分的定义进行了阐述,论述了现有的出口贸易理论成果,分析了山东省的出口贸易发展现状,主要从出口贸易商品结构、市场结构、主体结构、贸易方式、总量结构几个方面进行分析。接着从以上几个方面建立出口贸易结构优化评价的指标体系,运用因子分析法进行评价,分析了山东省的优化程度并与贸易发达省份进行对比。结果显示,山东省出口贸易结构优化程度有所提高,但与贸易发达省份相比仍有一定的差距,具有很大的发展空间。技术创新的发展、政府政策的引导在出口贸易结构优化过程中发挥着重要作用,是山东省出口贸易结构优化中需要着重加强的部分。
[Abstract]:After the global economic crisis in 2008, China's economic growth rate gradually slowed down, the indicators of export trade as a whole also showed a downward trend, the economy entered the new normal of medium and high speed growth, at the same time, production costs increased. The marginal utility of capital is reduced, the market mechanism is not perfect and other structural problems are increasingly prominent. In terms of export trade, the total volume of exports is large and the quality is low, with extensive growth as the main mode, processing trade occupies a large proportion in the trade mode for a long time, and many enterprises are still at the low end of the global industrial chain. Export enterprises total factor productivity is low, product trade added value is low. In view of various structural problems in the new normal state of economy, "supply-side reform" emerges as the times require, and the economic structure is fundamentally adjusted from the two dimensions of factor end and production end. The "supply-side reform" and the optimization of export trade structure belong to structural changes. The former creates a good external environment for the latter, and the latter is the implementation and deepening of the former in the key areas. Shandong Province is a big economic province and a big trade province along the east coast of China. The problems in the development of China's export trade, such as large but not precise, quantity and no quality, also exist in Shandong's export trade. After decades of development, the export trade structure of Shandong Province has been optimized and promoted in commodity structure, main structure, trade mode, etc., but generally speaking, there is still a large gap between the export trade structure and the developed regions. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the dynamic changes of export trade structure of Shandong Province, to find out the disadvantages and shortcomings, and to find out the corresponding countermeasures for optimizing the export trade structure and promoting the sustainable and healthy development of export trade in Shandong Province. The reform of "supply-side reform" is of great significance to the optimization of the export trade structure at the factor end and the production end, which emphasizes that the use efficiency of the elements can be improved and the rational allocation of the factors can be promoted through the innovation and upgrading of the enterprises. The main emphasis of the production side is to resolve the obstacles of various industries and institutional mechanisms in various fields and to promote the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure through the government. In this paper, the path choice of the optimization and upgrading of the export trade structure in Shandong province has drawn lessons from this model. This paper expounds the definition of export trade structure and its components, discusses the existing theoretical achievements of export trade, and analyzes the present situation of export trade in Shandong Province, mainly from the structure of export trade commodities and market structure. The main structure, trade mode, total structure of several aspects of the analysis. Then the index system of export trade structure optimization evaluation is established from the above aspects, and the optimization degree of Shandong Province is analyzed by factor analysis method and compared with the developed trade provinces. The results show that the degree of optimization of export trade structure of Shandong Province has been improved, but there is still a certain gap compared with the developed provinces of trade, and there is a lot of room for development. The development of technological innovation and the guidance of government policies play an important role in the process of export trade structure optimization.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F752.62

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