中美清洁能源合作研究：动因、进程与风险

发布时间：2018-07-10 20:01

本文选题：清洁能源 + 中美关系　；参考：《华中师范大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：能源作为国民经济和社会发展的动力来源具有基础性作用。它是国家生存和发展的基础,不仅关系到国家的经济社会发展,也关系到普通国民的日常生活。能源问题历来都对国际关系有着具有重大影响,它既可能导致国际冲突,也可能带来国际合作。目前世界范围内的能源短缺已成事实,各国都普遍面临严峻的环境问题压力,使得能源、资源、环境与国家经济社会发展和国家安全相互交织,且其严重性和复杂性正在不断加剧,对国际关系的影响也更为明显,能源问题已成为国家间关系中的一个重要议题。作为中美在能源合作中的重要组成部分,清洁能源合作在中美关系中的意义和作用在近年来不断得到提升。在全球能源形势日益严峻,环境和气候问题愈发严重的背景下,中美两国都在大力发展本国的清洁能源,并在该领域积极开展国际合作。中美在清洁能源上的合作正成为双方战略合作的重要基石之一,它不仅有利于两国共同应对全球环境保护问题,还有助于确保双方的能源安全、减少贸易摩擦,进而为中美关系的发展提供新的平台,注入新的发展动力。中美双方都具有保障能源安全共同利益的基础动因,提供国际环境公共产品的外部动力,经济效益和优势互补的内在动力,以及争取未来国际体系主导权的前瞻性目标。中美在过去的三十多年内,在清洁能源领域形成了富有成效的合作,为两国共同应对气候变化、保护环境、提高能源利用效率做出了努力。中美在合作中逐步确立了互惠互利、有效沟通、平等协商、多元发展、优势互补、协同保障的合作原则,签署了多个合作协议和谅解备忘录以及合作指针,为合作中双方的权利和义务作出了具体和明确的约定,对合作意向、行动原则、行动指南和部分行动计划的以书面形式进行了确立,最终形成了主要由政府渠道、官民一体渠道、企业渠道、非政府组织渠道和多边框架渠道构成的“五轨”多渠道立体式合作格局。但与此同时,不可忽视的是,在中美开展清洁能能源合作的过程中也不可避免要受到中美关系大局的影响。中美关系既具有相对的稳定性,同时也具有一定的矛盾性和风险性。近年来中美双方在有关清洁能源的经贸纠纷和摩擦不断显现,在双边技术合作交流上也存在一定的障碍。同时,由于中美之间长期存在的战略互疑和相互认知风险也使中美在清洁能源上的合作存在一定风险。总的来说,竞争与合作并存是中美在清洁能源关系上的常态。作为中美多领域合作的一个重要组成部分,积极开展清洁能源的商业开发、技术合作和贸易往来等诸多将有助于缓解两国之间存在的摩擦和矛盾,双方所表现出的态势依然是合作多于竞争。未来中美双方将在保障经济和社会可持续发展、保护环境、应对气候变化等共同目标的指引下,扩大合作范围,深化合作领域,以现有机制为基础,以重点合作领域为突破口,逐步消除合作中的障碍,力争实现更好的有效合作。
[Abstract]:Energy as the motive source of national economic and social development has a fundamental role. It is the basis for the survival and development of the country. It is not only related to the economic and social development of the country, but also to the daily life of the common people. Energy issues have always had a significant impact on international relations. It may lead to international conflicts and may also be possible. International cooperation. At present, the world's energy shortage has become a fact. All countries are generally facing severe environmental pressure, making energy, resources, environment and national economic social development and national security intertwined, and its seriousness and complexity are increasing, the impact on international relations is more obvious, energy problems already As an important issue in inter state relations, as an important part of China and the United States in energy cooperation, the significance and role of clean energy cooperation in Sino US relations have been improved in recent years. In the context of the increasingly severe global energy situation and the increasingly serious environment and climate problems, both China and the United States are vigorously developing their own countries. The cooperation between China and the United States in clean energy is becoming one of the important cornerstones of strategic cooperation between the two sides. It is not only conducive to the two countries to deal with the problems of global environmental protection, but also to ensure the energy security of both sides, reduce trade frictions, and thus provide a new development for the development of Sino US relations. China and the United States both have the basic motivation to protect the common interests of energy security, the external power of the international environmental public products, the internal driving force of the complementary economic benefits and advantages, and the forward-looking targets for the future international system leading power. In the past more than 30 years, China and the United States have been in clean energy. The field has formed fruitful cooperation to make efforts to deal with climate change, protect the environment and improve the efficiency of energy use. In cooperation, China and the United States have gradually established mutual benefit, effective communication, equal consultation, pluralistic development, complementary advantages, cooperative principle of cooperation and signed a number of cooperation agreements and memorandums of understanding. And the cooperation pointer, made specific and clear agreement for the rights and obligations of the two parties in the cooperation, established the written form of cooperation intention, action principle, action guide and part of action plan, and finally formed the main channels composed of government channels, government and people one channel, enterprise channel, non-governmental organization channel and multilateral framework channel. But at the same time, it can not be ignored that in the process of developing clean energy and energy cooperation between China and the United States, China and the United States inevitably have to be affected by the overall situation of Sino US relations. The relationship between China and the United States has a relative stability, but also a certain spear shield and risk. In recent years, China and the United States have been concerned about the relationship between China and the United States. The economic and trade disputes and frictions of clean energy are constantly emerging, and there are some obstacles in bilateral technical cooperation and exchanges. At the same time, because of the long-standing strategic mutual doubt and mutual cognitive risk between China and the United States, there are some risks in the cooperation between China and the United States on clean energy. In general, the coexistence of competition and cooperation is the clean energy relationship between China and the United States. As an important part of the cooperation between China and the United States, the active development of the commercial development of clean energy, technical cooperation and trade will help to alleviate the frictions and contradictions between the two countries. The situation of both sides is still more cooperative than competition. The future and the United States and the United States will protect the economy and the society. Under the guidance of the common goals of sustainable development, environmental protection and climate change, we should expand the scope of cooperation, deepen the field of cooperation, take the existing mechanisms as the basis, and take the key cooperation areas as a breakthrough, gradually eliminate the obstacles in cooperation and strive to achieve better effective cooperation.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F416.2;F752.7;F757.12

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