对外贸易政策对我国国家利益的影响及策略研究

发布时间：2018-08-12 19:37

【摘要】：改革开放三十年,中国不断融入世界市场的同时,对自身利益的理解也逐步加深和成熟。近年来,基于我国对外贸易规模的迅速扩大,新的贸易背景下中国国家利益的基本内涵得到了很大的充实,人们对中国国家利益的判断也受到巨大影响。国家利益已经成为全球各个国家从事一切对外经济贸易活动的基本出发点与客观原则。毫不夸张的说,直接影响和决定一个国家对外经济贸易政策制定的核心是国家利益。对国家利益按照性质细分可以分为政治利益、安全利益、经济利益和文化利益四部分,具体来说,也可以理解为一个国家全体人民在物质、精神各方面的需求,任何国家的外交政策或对外行为的制定都是基于对国家利益的基本判断,是一个国家存在与发展不可或缺的核心部分。主权国家的对外活动与行为,最终目的都是维护国家利益,主权国家采取使用的的对外政策,也同样决定于国家利益的影响。而在当今国际交流与博弈中,经济利益与在国际上的经济地位始终是一个国家对外政策制定的最大决定因素,某种程度上说,经济利益是国家的根本利益或最终利益。近年来,我国对外经济贸易活动和全方位的对外交流都愈加扩大与深入,特别是随着我国市场经济体制的不断完善,中国日渐融合于全球经济世界之中,也逐步引起了传统意义上中国国家利益的表达的转变。在全球贸易一体化的基本趋势下,在国际市场上合理、平等的提出中国的声音,是当前中国亟须解决的重大现实问题。但是在现实背景下,这个进程远非一帆风顺。由于不同的出发点,每个国家贸易政策和措施的选择领域都大相径庭,在涉及世界贸易规则的制定与执行或者国际贸易谈判等国际问题时,各国都表达着不同诉求,矛盾冲突充斥其中。自由贸易是贸易全球化主流,但保护贸易依旧掺杂其中,传统贸易理论和贸易自由化时常变成一句口号,各国依旧我行我素,极端情况下甚至出现反贸易自由化的趋势,这些问题其实都是各国国家利益直接或间接影响的反应。本文第一章是绪论,主要介绍了该选题的社会背景和研究意义,目前国内外研究现状及文献。第二章则从西方国家的贸易政策史出发,研究国家利益在自由贸易政策与保护贸易政策交叉并行过程中的作用。第三章从国家利益的视角出发,研究探讨了我国的外贸政策,并对我国对外贸易政策的演变进步过程进行详细分析。第四章主要阐述我国对外贸易政策对国家利益的影响,并进行实证分析。第五章是本文的重点,该章对维护和实现国家利益的长效发展机制,提出相关对策建议。
[Abstract]:After 30 years of reform and opening up, China's understanding of its own interests has gradually deepened and matured while it has been continuously integrated into the world market. In recent years, based on the rapid expansion of China's foreign trade scale, the basic connotation of China's national interests has been greatly enriched under the new trade background, and the judgment of China's national interests has also been greatly affected. National interest has become the basic starting point and objective principle for all countries to engage in foreign economic and trade activities. It is no exaggeration to say that the core of the direct influence and decision on a country's foreign economic and trade policy is the national interest. The subdivision of national interests according to their nature can be divided into four parts: political interests, security interests, economic interests and cultural interests. Specifically, it can also be understood as the material and spiritual needs of all the people of a country. The formulation of any country's foreign policy or foreign behavior is based on the basic judgment of national interests and is an indispensable core part of a country's existence and development. The ultimate purpose of foreign activities and actions of sovereign states is to safeguard national interests, and the foreign policies adopted by sovereign states are also determined by the influence of national interests. In today's international exchange and game, economic interests and economic status are always the biggest determinants of a country's foreign policy. To some extent, economic interests are the fundamental or final interests of a country. In recent years, China's foreign economic and trade activities and all-round foreign exchanges have expanded and deepened, especially with the continuous improvement of China's market economy system, China is increasingly integrated into the global economic world. It has also gradually caused the change of the expression of Chinese national interests in the traditional sense. Under the basic trend of global trade integration, putting forward China's voice rationally and equitably in the international market is an important practical problem that needs to be solved urgently. But in reality, the process is far from smooth. Because of their different starting points, each country has very different areas of choice of trade policies and measures. When it comes to international issues such as the formulation and implementation of world trade rules or international trade negotiations, countries all express different demands. Contradictions and conflicts abound among them. Free trade is the mainstream of trade globalization, but trade protection is still mixed with it. The traditional trade theory and trade liberalization have often become a slogan. Countries are still doing their own thing. In extreme cases, there is even a trend of anti-trade liberalization. These problems are in fact reactions to the direct or indirect effects of national interests. The first chapter is the introduction, mainly introduces the social background and research significance of this topic, the current domestic and foreign research status and literature. The second chapter studies the role of national interests in the parallel process of free trade policy and protection trade policy from the trade policy history of western countries. The third chapter discusses China's foreign trade policy from the perspective of national interests, and analyzes the evolution and progress of China's foreign trade policy in detail. The fourth chapter mainly expounds the influence of China's foreign trade policy on national interests, and carries on the empirical analysis. The fifth chapter is the focus of this paper, this chapter to safeguard and realize the long-term development mechanism of national interests, put forward the relevant countermeasures and suggestions.
【学位授予单位】：武汉工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F752

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