中美贸易商品结构变化研究

发布时间：2018-11-14 19:27

【摘要】：近年来,中国与美国两国间的贸易在往来愈发频繁、迅速发展的同时,两国贸易商品结构也不断地在发生改变。美国虽然不是中国的第一大贸易伙伴(仅次于欧盟,是第二大贸易伙伴),但却是中国的第一大贸易国,也就是说,中美两国的贸易商品结构不单单直接体现着中美两国的贸易状况与贸易内涵,而且还具有一定的代表性,甚至能在一定程度上反映中国自身贸易结构的层次、国际市场竞争力以及国际分工情况,这些对中国产业结构调整以及中国对外贸易结构优化等方面也具有借鉴意义。因此,对中美贸易商品结构的分析引发了诸多国内外学者的重视,但对于中美贸易商品结构的研究,以往的文献大多数都使用SITC分类进行统计,而HS分类涵盖了CCCN和SITC两大分类编码体系,也就是说HS分类商品更为细化,而且相对不同国家存在的商品偏差较小。因此,本文将采用HS分类标准,对中美贸易商品结构的变化进行研究。本文共有五章,可分为三个部分:第一部分即第一章的绪论,主要介绍了本文的选题背景与研究意义,并且从国际贸易的相关理论、中美贸易商品结构的发展、中美贸易商品结构相关指标的测算等三个角度,在对现有的国内外文献进行简单回顾的基础上,从而做出简单的评述。第二部分包括第二章与第三章,主要是数据的分析与指标的测算,是本文的重点部分。此部分按照经济学理论,将基于HS1992分类标准的贸易商品做了进一步分类,即分为资源密集型、劳动密集型和资本密集型三类产品,接着利用HS分类标准下的,1992-2015年中美贸易商品结构的年度数据,分别从进出口角度,对中美两国贸易商品结构的变化进行定量分析,运用贸易结合度、劳伦斯指数,对比分析中美贸易商品结构耦合度及相互依存度的情况及其变化幅度。第三部分包括第四章和第五章,通过对中美贸易商品结构变化及其影响因素做进一步分析,总结全文,得出中美贸易商品结构变化究竟如何影响中美贸易关系的相关结论,并从多角度提出对策及建议。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the trade between China and the United States has become more and more frequent and rapid development, at the same time, the commodity structure of trade between China and the United States is constantly changing. Although the United States is not China's largest trading partner (after the European Union, it is the second largest trading partner), it is China's largest trading partner, that is to say, The trade commodity structure of China and the United States not only reflects the trade situation and connotation of China and the United States, but also has certain representativeness, and even reflects the level of China's own trade structure to a certain extent. The international market competitiveness and the international division of labor are also useful for the adjustment of China's industrial structure and the optimization of China's foreign trade structure. Therefore, the analysis of Sino-US trade commodity structure has attracted the attention of many scholars at home and abroad, but for the study of Sino-US trade commodity structure, most of the previous literature used SITC classification for statistics. The HS classification covers the CCCN and SITC classification coding systems, that is to say, the HS classifies the commodity more finely, and the commodity deviation is relatively small in different countries. Therefore, this paper will adopt HS classification standard to study the change of commodity structure of Sino-American trade. There are five chapters in this paper, which can be divided into three parts: the first part is the introduction of the first chapter, which mainly introduces the background and significance of this paper, and from the relevant theories of international trade, the development of Sino-American trade commodity structure. On the basis of a brief review of the existing domestic and foreign literature, this paper makes a simple comment from three angles: the measurement of the related indexes of the trade structure between China and the United States. The second part includes the second chapter and the third chapter, mainly the data analysis and the index measurement, is the key part of this article. In this part, according to the economic theory, the trade commodities based on HS1992 classification criteria are further classified, that is, they are divided into three categories: resource-intensive, labor-intensive and capital-intensive, and then use the HS classification standard. From the perspective of import and export, the annual data on the commodity structure of trade between China and the United States for the period 1992-2015 are used to quantitatively analyze the changes in the structure of trade commodities between China and the United States, using the degree of trade integration, the Lawrence Index. A comparative analysis of the coupling degree and interdependence of the commodity structure between China and the United States is made. The third part includes the fourth and fifth chapters, through the further analysis to the Sino-US trade commodity structure change and its influence factor, summarizes the full text, obtains the related conclusion that the Sino-US trade commodity structure change actually affects the Sino-US trade relations. And put forward the countermeasure and suggestion from many angles.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F752.7;F757.12

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