中国制造业出口技术复杂度升级的工资差距效应研究
发布时间：2018-12-21 20:25
【摘要】：经济全球化、技术的不断进步对中国的经济起到了极大的促进作用，21世纪以来，中国制造业的出口技术复杂度就不断地升级，，但是出口技术复杂度升级在促进经济快速发展的同时，也不可避免的带来了一些负面影响。比如，对中国熟练与非熟练劳动力的相对工资差距带来了巨大的影响。诸多的经验研究发现，随着出口技术水平的不断提高，中国制造业熟练与非熟练劳动力的相对工资差距表现出上升趋势。因此关于出口技术复杂度和熟练与非熟练劳动力相对工资差距之间的相互关系就成为了国际经济学家和劳动经济学家研究的一个热点话题。 笔者通过构建省级层面的出口技术水平指数，采用31个省级面板数据并运用描述性统计和系统GMM方法，从全国和区域两个层面实证检验了中国制造业各省级区域2002-2012年资本和劳动密集偏向型产业的出口技术复杂度对熟练与非熟练劳动力相对工资差距的关系，从而为中国的产业结构调整与升级提供一定的实践指导意义。 通过分析得出以下结论：（1）2002-2012年来，中国制造业各省级区域资本和劳动密集偏向型产业的出口技术复杂度都在不断地升级，但并没有Rodrik测度的那么高；（2）从全国层面来看，资本和劳动密集偏向型产业的出口技术复杂度升级均显著地增加了熟练劳动力的相对需求以及工资收入，从而扩大了制造业的熟练与非熟练劳动力的相对工资差距；（3）从区域层面来看，东部地区的资本和劳动密集偏向型产业的出口技术复杂度升级对熟练与非熟练劳动力的相对工资差距的正向效应明显高于中西部地区，可见全国层面的资本和劳动密集偏向型产业的出口技术复杂度升级对其相对工资差距的正向效应主要是由东部地区引起的；（4）外商直接投资也能显著地扩大其相对工资差距，而区域开放程度和总资产贡献率则显著地减少了中国熟练劳动力的工资份额。 因此，中国在产业结构不断升级的情况下，我们也不能忽视出口技术复杂度对中国熟练与非熟练劳动力的相对工资差距带来的负面作用。即我们要在坚持对外开放的情况下，合理调整中国的产业结构，以避免出口技术复杂度对中国熟练与非熟练劳动力相对工资差距带来的负面影响。出口技术复杂度升级扩大了中国熟练与非熟练劳动力的相对工资差距，但由于它是增强我国综合实力的根本途径，我们只有在提高出口技术复杂度的同时，制定有效的分配政策，以更好地解决效率与公平之间的关系问题。当然，限于笔者有限的学术水平，本文仍存在诸多不足之处，论文最后部分提出了本研究领域的局限性以及未来需努力的方向。
[Abstract]:Economic globalization and continuous technological progress have played a great role in promoting China's economy. Since the 21st century, the technological complexity of China's manufacturing industry has been continuously upgraded. However, the upgrade of export technology complexity not only promotes the rapid development of economy, but also inevitably brings some negative effects. For example, the relative wage gap between skilled and unskilled labour in China has had a huge impact. Many empirical studies have found that the relative wage gap between skilled and unskilled labor in China's manufacturing industry shows an upward trend with the continuous improvement of export technology. Therefore, the relationship between export technology complexity and the relative wage gap between skilled and unskilled labor has become a hot topic for international economists and labor economists. By constructing export technology level index at provincial level, the author adopts 31 provincial panel data and uses descriptive statistics and systematic GMM method. This paper empirically examines the relationship between the export technology complexity of capital and labor-intensive biased industries from 2002 to 2012 and the relative wage gap between skilled and unskilled labor in the provincial manufacturing regions of China from the national and regional levels. So as to China's industrial structure adjustment and upgrading to provide certain practical significance. The conclusions are as follows: (1) from 2002 to 2012, the technological complexity of capital and labor-intensive biased industries in the provinces of China's manufacturing industry has been continuously upgraded, but it is not as high as the Rodrik measure; (2) at the national level, the upgrading of the technological complexity of capital and labor-intensive biased industries has significantly increased the relative demand for skilled labour and wage income. Thus widening the relative wage gap between skilled and unskilled labor in manufacturing; (3) at the regional level, the positive effects of the upgrading of the technological complexity of capital and labor-intensive biased industries on the relative wage gap between skilled and unskilled labor in the eastern region are significantly higher than those in the central and western regions. It can be seen that the positive effect of capital and labor-intensive biased industries on the relative wage gap is mainly caused by the eastern region. (4) Foreign direct investment can also significantly widen the relative wage gap, while the regional opening degree and the contribution rate of total assets significantly reduce the wage share of China's skilled labor force. Therefore, with the continuous upgrading of China's industrial structure, we can not ignore the negative effect of export technological complexity on the relative wage gap between skilled and unskilled labor in China. That is to say, we should adjust China's industrial structure reasonably under the condition of persisting in opening to the outside world, so as to avoid the negative influence of export technology complexity on the relative wage gap between skilled and unskilled labor in China. The upgrading of export technology complexity has widened the relative wage gap between skilled and unskilled labor in China. However, as it is the fundamental way to enhance China's comprehensive strength, we can only increase the complexity of export technology at the same time. Formulate effective distribution policies to better address the relationship between efficiency and equity. Of course, due to the limited academic level of the author, there are still many deficiencies in this paper. In the last part of the paper, the limitations of this research field and the direction of future efforts are proposed.
【学位授予单位】：浙江理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F424;F752.62;F249.24
本文编号：2389414
[Abstract]:Economic globalization and continuous technological progress have played a great role in promoting China's economy. Since the 21st century, the technological complexity of China's manufacturing industry has been continuously upgraded. However, the upgrade of export technology complexity not only promotes the rapid development of economy, but also inevitably brings some negative effects. For example, the relative wage gap between skilled and unskilled labour in China has had a huge impact. Many empirical studies have found that the relative wage gap between skilled and unskilled labor in China's manufacturing industry shows an upward trend with the continuous improvement of export technology. Therefore, the relationship between export technology complexity and the relative wage gap between skilled and unskilled labor has become a hot topic for international economists and labor economists. By constructing export technology level index at provincial level, the author adopts 31 provincial panel data and uses descriptive statistics and systematic GMM method. This paper empirically examines the relationship between the export technology complexity of capital and labor-intensive biased industries from 2002 to 2012 and the relative wage gap between skilled and unskilled labor in the provincial manufacturing regions of China from the national and regional levels. So as to China's industrial structure adjustment and upgrading to provide certain practical significance. The conclusions are as follows: (1) from 2002 to 2012, the technological complexity of capital and labor-intensive biased industries in the provinces of China's manufacturing industry has been continuously upgraded, but it is not as high as the Rodrik measure; (2) at the national level, the upgrading of the technological complexity of capital and labor-intensive biased industries has significantly increased the relative demand for skilled labour and wage income. Thus widening the relative wage gap between skilled and unskilled labor in manufacturing; (3) at the regional level, the positive effects of the upgrading of the technological complexity of capital and labor-intensive biased industries on the relative wage gap between skilled and unskilled labor in the eastern region are significantly higher than those in the central and western regions. It can be seen that the positive effect of capital and labor-intensive biased industries on the relative wage gap is mainly caused by the eastern region. (4) Foreign direct investment can also significantly widen the relative wage gap, while the regional opening degree and the contribution rate of total assets significantly reduce the wage share of China's skilled labor force. Therefore, with the continuous upgrading of China's industrial structure, we can not ignore the negative effect of export technological complexity on the relative wage gap between skilled and unskilled labor in China. That is to say, we should adjust China's industrial structure reasonably under the condition of persisting in opening to the outside world, so as to avoid the negative influence of export technology complexity on the relative wage gap between skilled and unskilled labor in China. The upgrading of export technology complexity has widened the relative wage gap between skilled and unskilled labor in China. However, as it is the fundamental way to enhance China's comprehensive strength, we can only increase the complexity of export technology at the same time. Formulate effective distribution policies to better address the relationship between efficiency and equity. Of course, due to the limited academic level of the author, there are still many deficiencies in this paper. In the last part of the paper, the limitations of this research field and the direction of future efforts are proposed.
【学位授予单位】：浙江理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F424;F752.62;F249.24
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