中美国家科技决策体系:国家、部委和项目层面的比较研究

发布时间：2017-12-27 17:14

本文关键词：中美国家科技决策体系:国家、部委和项目层面的比较研究　出处：《科技进步与对策》2016年15期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：中美两国拥有迥然不同的国家科技决策体系,其差异具体体现在国家、部委和项目3个决策层面。基于宏观视角比较研究了中美国家科技计划决策体系,从两国科技计划决策体系总体特征、决策层面、决策过程、决策环境入手,剖析中美国家科技计划决策过程背后的逻辑。结果发现,美国科技决策体系为典型的"自下而上"式决策结构,上层决策主体多元而分散,存在政治分肥;下层执行主体清晰,决策独立集中。中国则为"自上而下"式决策结构,上层主体明确,战略决策集中有效;下层执行主体分散,缺乏专业化管理。研究结论为决策者和研究者提供了一个比较清晰的框架,加深了对中美科技决策的理解,有助于促进中美科技对话与交流。
[Abstract]:China and the United States have quite different national scientific and technological decision-making systems. Their differences are embodied in 3 decision-making levels of the state, ministries and projects. Based on the macro perspective, the decision making system of the national science and technology plan in China and the United States is compared. Starting from the overall characteristics, decision-making level, decision-making process and decision-making environment of the decision making system of the two countries, the logic behind the decision making process of the US National Science and technology plan is analyzed. The results showed that the technology decision system for the typical "bottom-up" decision-making structure, the upper decision main body of diverse and dispersed, there are pork; lower executive body clear, independent decision-making focus. China is the "top-down" decision-making structure, the upper level subject is clear, the strategic decision is centralized and effective; the lower executive body is scattered and lack of professional management. The conclusions provide a clearer framework for policymakers and researchers, deepen understanding of Sino US science and technology decision-making, and help promote Sino US technology dialogue and communication.
【作者单位】：中央财经大学政府管理学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(71503291;L1524030) 教育部人文社会科学基金项目(14YJC630209) 中央财经大学“中财121人才工程”青年博士发展基金项目(QBJ1430)
【分类号】：F204
【正文快照】： 0引言决策的核心在于对资源、权力等利益进行分配,公共科技决策即拥有科技决策权的主体通过一定标准对科技资源(主要为科技立项和科技经费)进行权威性分配的过程。这一过程涉及主体多为拥有科技决策权的部门(如美国联邦政府、中国国务院等)和接受科技资源分配的部门(如高等院

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