科技创新需要中央与地方分工合作

发布时间：2018-03-25 04:31

本文选题：科技创新　切入点：科技事权划分　出处：《经济研究参考》2016年03期

【摘要】：本文在重新审视当前中央与地方关系的基础上提出,基于科技创新的属性,中央地方在科技事权与支出责任的划分上应明确为分工与合作关系,既不能泾渭分明,一分了之;也不能主次不分,责任不清。基本思路是:一是明确中央事权及相应的支出责任。宏观统筹协调、宏观科技政策、基础性、前沿类研究等应确定为中央事权,中央承担相应的支出责任。对因自身特殊需求,履行了部分中央事权的地方政府和企业,应运用科学合理的机制分担成本,如当前地方政府、企业投入了自身应用需求导向的基础研究,中央可考虑对地方政府给予事后奖励、对企业给予税收优惠政策等手段,以形成合力。二是难以明确划分、需要合作完成的,在支出责任上分清主次,尽可能做到责权匹配。科技体制改革及其实施、重大公益和社会性研发等应确定为中央地方共担事权,中央承担主要支出责任,地方承担辅助责任;应用基础研究、技术市场培育、与特定地区产业发展方向相关的创新活动应确定为地方中央共担事权,地方承担主要支出责任,中央承担辅助责任。三是区域科技政策、一般性成果转化和技术应用、科技中介服务体系等应确定为地方事权,地方承担支出责任。文章最后强调要创新机制实现中央与地方的分工合作。
[Abstract]:Based on the re-examination of the current relationship between the central and local governments, this paper puts forward that, based on the attributes of scientific and technological innovation, the central and local governments should clearly define the division of labor and the relationship of cooperation between the authority of science and technology and the responsibility of expenditure. The basic ideas are: first, make clear the central authority and corresponding expenditure responsibilities. Macro coordination, macro science and technology policy, foundation, frontier research, etc., should be defined as the central authority. For local governments and enterprises that have fulfilled some of the central powers due to their own special needs, scientific and reasonable mechanisms should be used to share the costs, such as the current local governments, Enterprises have invested in their own basic research on the application of demand orientation. The central authorities may consider giving local governments incentives afterwards and giving preferential tax policies to enterprises in order to form a resultant force. Second, it is difficult to distinguish clearly and needs to be completed in cooperation. The reform of science and technology system and its implementation, major public welfare and social research and development should be determined as the central and local joint responsibility, the central government should bear the main expenditure responsibility, and the local government should bear the auxiliary responsibility; The applied basic research, the technology market cultivation, the innovation activity related to the development direction of the industry in the specific area should be determined as the local central authority, the local government should bear the main expenditure responsibility, and the central government should bear the auxiliary responsibility. Third, the regional science and technology policy, The transformation of general achievements and the application of technology, the system of intermediary service of science and technology should be determined as local authority, and the local government should bear the responsibility of expenditure. Finally, the paper emphasizes that the mechanism should be innovated to realize the division of work between the central and local governments.
【作者单位】：财政部财政科学研究所;
【分类号】：F204;F812.45

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