1949-1984年三次国民经济调整与城镇劳动力就业研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 08:22

本文选题：国民经济调整 + 城镇劳动力　；参考：《贵州财经大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：国民经济关乎国计民生,如果国民经济发展不好,影响各行各业,影响人民的生活水平。1949-1984年期间,我国经历了三次大规模经济调整。1949年解放前夕,工农业生产遭到极大破坏、农产品产量大幅下降、交通运输严重破坏、物价飞涨、人民失业等问题使中国的经济处于崩溃状态。失业人口更是大量增加。针对这种情况,1949-1952年人民政府采取了一系列措施,工农业生产、交通运输等也得以恢复,国民经济调整及恢复,我国劳动人民的物质和文化生活水平得到了改善和提高。就业人数也不断扩大。城镇劳动力就业问题也得以缓解。1958年-1960年期间,“大跃进”和“人民公社化”运动造成的后果使全国国民经济处于严重困难之中。此后,除了出现国民经济的大幅度震荡、物质资源的肆意浪费等问题,还出现了非正常的城镇人口异常增长的问题。诸多状况的爆发性呈现造成全国性饥荒和城市经济增长步履维艰,国家对经济进行调整和紧缩调控迫在眉睫,导致60年代初期城镇再次出现失业严重问题。鉴于此,党和国家拟定并施行“调整、巩固、充实、提高”的方针,以此调整国民经济。此方针的贯彻取得了显著的成效国民经济的初调整与继续调整对当时劳动力就业产生了很大的促进作用。70年代末、80年代初期,由于文化大革命,中国经济又一次陷入崩溃,工厂停止用工,人民大规模失业；国民经济发展受阻,工商业停滞不前；学校教学活动断断续续,学校既不招生,学生也无法就业,这些问题导致城市就业及相关问题急剧严重起来。针对国民经济的困境,中央政府提出了新的国民经济调整方针：“调整、改革、整顿、提高”。这个方针一经贯彻就取得了一定的成果。此次国民经济的调整又给我国城镇劳动力就业带来了巨大的正面影响。本文旨在分析建国以后三次国民经济调整背景、调整过程、调整成果,以及其对城镇就业状况的影响。笔者在搜集了一定数量的文献资料后发现以国民经济调整为背景的就业问题的研究还是比较有限。故本文从此切入,对三次国民经济调整进行梳理,从中找出调整过程中对就业的影响做一分析。
[Abstract]:The national economy is related to the national economy and the people's livelihood. If the national economy is not well developed, it will affect all kinds of industries and affect the living standards of the people. During the period 1949-1984, China experienced three large-scale economic adjustments. On the eve of liberation in 1949, industrial and agricultural production was greatly damaged. China's economy is in a state of collapse due to a sharp decline in agricultural production, serious damage to transportation, soaring prices and unemployment. The number of unemployed people has increased by a great deal. In view of this situation, a series of measures were taken by the people's government from 1949 to 1952. The industrial and agricultural production, transportation and transportation were also restored, the national economy was adjusted and restored, and the material and cultural living standards of the working people in our country were improved and improved. Employment is also expanding. Between 1958 and 1960, the consequences of the "Great Leap forward" and "people's commune" movement made the national economy in serious difficulty. Since then, in addition to the large shocks of the national economy, wanton waste of material resources and other problems, abnormal urban population growth has emerged. The outbreak of many situations caused the national famine and the urban economic growth is difficult, the state to adjust the economy and tighten adjustment and control is imminent, resulting in the early 1960s urban unemployment again serious problems. In view of this, the Party and the state formulated and implemented the policy of "readjusting, consolidating, enriching and improving" in order to adjust the national economy. The implementation of this policy has achieved remarkable results. The initial adjustment and continued adjustment of the national economy had a great promoting effect on the employment of the labor force at that time. At the end of the 1970s and the early 1980s, the Chinese economy was once again in a state of collapse due to the Cultural Revolution. Factories stopped hiring, the people lost their jobs on a large scale, the national economy was blocked, industry and commerce stagnated, and school teaching activities continued intermittently. Schools neither recruit students nor can students find employment. These problems have led to a sharp rise in urban employment and related problems. In view of the plight of the national economy, the central government has put forward a new national economic adjustment policy: "Adjustment, reform, rectification and improvement." Once this policy has been implemented, certain achievements have been made. The adjustment of the national economy has brought a huge positive impact on the employment of urban labor force in our country. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the background, the process and the results of the three national economic adjustments since the founding of the people's Republic of China, as well as their influence on the employment situation in cities and towns. After collecting a certain amount of literature, the author finds that the research on the employment problem with the background of national economic adjustment is still limited. So this paper analyzes the influence on employment in the adjustment process by combing the third national economic adjustment.
【学位授予单位】：贵州财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F129;F249.29

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