北京市城市固体废弃物物流的费用—效益分析及改进策略

发布时间：2018-05-09 08:26

本文选题：城市固体废弃物 + 废弃物物流　；参考：《北京工业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：经济的快速发展以及生活水平的提升使我国在经济腾飞的同时面临各种资源环境问题。城市固体废弃物围城,因其成分复杂、分布广泛、产生的不确定性等,成为城市管理中的难题。北京,作为政治、文化、国际交往中心,其对城市固体废弃物的管理水平理应得到提升。研究从废弃物产生量及处理工艺的优劣分析开始,从全生命周期角度分析整个城市固体废弃物物流系统,期望利用费用-效益分析工具设立目标函数,在现有废弃物物流分配方案下求解最小成本,实现北京全域内城市固体废弃物物流的调配。此外,根据求解结果,对各区县城市固体废弃物产生量及处理设施的处理能力进行评价,以期实现城市固体废弃物处置的无害化、减量化及资源化。对2012年北京市城市固体废弃物物流进行分析,在假定处理设施不超负荷运营的情况下,充分考虑各处理设施的处理能力及各区县的城市固体废弃物产生量,建立其废弃物物流的费用-效益函数。其中费用函数主要考虑运行费用及运输费用,而效益函数则包含到城市固体废弃物资源化、减量化过程中产生的效益,主要有回收物质效益、堆肥的效益、发电的效益以及填埋气的效益等4部分,城市固体废弃物产生的环境外部性及卫生处置所产生的环境正外部性都不在研究范围内。研究利用LINGO程序对最小成本函数求解,得到北京市城市固体废弃物物流网络图,实现了现有体制下、原有管辖范围内的调度。按照最低成本目标,在现有调配机制下处理设施不存在超负荷运行,北京市城市固体废弃物物流进行调配并进行无害化、资源化处置,则每天的固废卫生处置将获得607818.7元的利润,实现100%无害化处置。将只考虑运行成本的情况与已有研究进行对比,结果证明与2008年、2010年研究比较接近,同时2095368.7元/日的无害化、减量化、资源化收益为北京市城市固体废弃物的引入市场化机制提供了数据支持。研究认为为改善北京市城市固体废弃物物流网络,管理方面还需要做出改进:各区县在鼓励源头分类促进减量化时,需根据各区县情况区别对待。对于产生量对成本有正促进的区县加大宣传力度,控制废弃物处理量在计算允许范围内。而各处理设施,根据计算结果,在现有运行水平下处理能力有剩余的处理设施不再投入改扩建;针对费用-效益考虑,在现有设施处理能力配置下,各处理设施的处理量控制在计算允许范围内。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy and the improvement of living standard, our country is faced with various problems of resources and environment. Because of its complex composition, wide distribution and uncertainty, it has become a difficult problem in urban management. Beijing, as a political, cultural and international communication center, should improve its management of municipal solid waste. From the point of view of the whole life cycle, the paper analyzes the whole city solid waste logistics system, and expects to set up the objective function by using the cost-benefit analysis tool. Solving the minimum cost under the existing waste logistics distribution scheme to realize the allocation of the municipal solid waste logistics in the whole area of Beijing. In addition, according to the results of the solution, the amount of municipal solid waste production and the treatment capacity of the treatment facilities are evaluated in order to realize the harmless, reduced and resource utilization of the disposal of the municipal solid waste. Based on the analysis of municipal solid waste logistics in Beijing in 2012, under the assumption that the treatment facilities are not overloaded, the treatment capacity of each treatment facility and the amount of municipal solid waste production in each district and county are fully considered. The cost-benefit function of waste logistics is established. The cost function mainly considers the operation cost and transportation cost, while the benefit function includes the benefits generated in the process of recycling and reduction of municipal solid waste, including the benefits of recovering materials and composting. In the four parts of power generation and landfill gas, the environmental externalities caused by municipal solid waste and the positive environmental externalities caused by sanitary disposal are all beyond the scope of study. In this paper, the minimum cost function is solved by LINGO program, and the network diagram of municipal solid waste logistics in Beijing is obtained, which realizes the scheduling of the original jurisdiction under the existing system. According to the minimum cost target, there is no overload operation of the treatment facilities under the existing allocation mechanism, and the municipal solid waste logistics in Beijing is deployed and disposed of innocently, as well as as a resource. The daily solid waste sanitary disposal will get 607818.7 yuan profit, achieve 100% harmless disposal. Comparing the case of only considering the running cost with the existing research, the results show that the research is close to that of 2008 and 2010, and at the same time, 2095368.7 yuan per day is innocuous and reduced. The benefit of recycling provides data support for the introduction of market-oriented mechanism of municipal solid waste in Beijing. It is concluded that in order to improve the logistics network of municipal solid waste in Beijing, the management should be improved: when encouraging the headstream classification to promote the reduction, each district and county should be treated differently according to the situation of each district and county. For the districts and counties where the production quantity is positive to the cost, the propaganda should be strengthened, and the waste disposal quantity should be controlled within the allowable range of calculation. For each treatment facility, according to the calculation results, the remaining treatment facilities with processing capacity at the current operating level will not be put into retrofit and expansion; for cost-benefit considerations, under the existing facility handling capacity configuration, The processing capacity of each processing facility is controlled within the calculation allowable range.
【学位授予单位】：北京工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F299.24;X705

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