灾难响应的应急库存预定位

发布时间：2018-05-27 15:01

本文选题：灾难救援 + 两阶段鲁棒优化模型　；参考：《东南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：灾难不只包括自然灾难,也包括人为的灾难。灾难一旦发生,便会造成大量人员伤亡和重大经济损失。为了大幅度降低甚至消除灾难所造成的损失,我们有必要关注灾难救援这一研究领域。由于灾难发生的确切时间和影响幅度几乎无法被提前获知,我们很难估计其发生所带来的危害以及受灾地区对应急物资的需求情况；并且当发生灾难时,将应急物资配送到受灾地区的道路承载能力也会受到灾难影响而具有一定局限性。本文基于受灾地区对应急物资的需求以及应急物资配送网络中道路承载能力的不确定性,提出灾难救援过程中的随机模型。首先,本文详细介绍了确定性模型、随机优化模型和线性多商品流的“弧—路”算法等主要概念,在参考前人研究的基础上,讨论了灾难救援中所涉及到的假设,以此为背景,给出了本文中集成设施选址、库存管理和应急物资配送的确定性模型以及相应的两阶段随机优化模型。随后构建了两阶段鲁棒优化模型,通过使用L1范数定义模型中带有的不确定性集合,将该模型转化为等价的可求解模型。接着介绍了2010年玉树地震的实例分析,首先考虑基于卡车运输应急物资的配送网络,分别将两阶段鲁棒优化模型与两阶段随机优化和确定性模型进行比较,从而显示了两阶段鲁棒优化模型的优越性。在此基础上,对该实例分析进行了扩展,考虑了在配送网络中增加直升机运输方式,再次验证了两阶段鲁棒优化模型的优越性。最后,对全文的研究结果进行总结,并提出后续研究的方向。
[Abstract]:Disasters include not only natural disasters, but also man-made disasters. Once a disaster occurs, it will cause a large number of casualties and major economic losses. In order to reduce or even eliminate the damage caused by disasters, it is necessary to pay attention to the research field of disaster relief. Since the exact time and magnitude of the disaster can hardly be known in advance, it is difficult to estimate the hazards caused by the disaster and the need for emergency supplies in the affected area; and when a disaster occurs, The road carrying capacity of delivering emergency materials to the affected area will also be affected by the disaster. Based on the demand for emergency materials in the disaster area and the uncertainty of the road carrying capacity in the emergency material distribution network, a stochastic model for disaster relief is proposed in this paper. First of all, this paper introduces the main concepts of deterministic model, stochastic optimization model and "arc-path" algorithm of linear multi-commodity flow in detail. Based on the previous studies, the assumptions involved in disaster relief are discussed. The deterministic model of integrated facility location, inventory management and emergency material distribution and the corresponding two-stage stochastic optimization model are given in this paper. Then a two-stage robust optimization model is constructed. By defining the uncertainty set in the model by using L1 norm, the model is transformed into an equivalent solvable model. Then it introduces the case analysis of the Yushu earthquake in 2010. Firstly, considering the distribution network of emergency materials transported by truck, the two-stage robust optimization model is compared with the two-stage stochastic optimization model and the deterministic model, respectively. This shows the superiority of the two-stage robust optimization model. On the basis of this, the analysis of the example is extended, the helicopter transport mode is considered in the distribution network, and the superiority of the two-stage robust optimization model is verified again. Finally, the research results of the paper are summarized, and the direction of follow-up research is put forward.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F259.21;D63

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