政府人力资本投资对居民消费的影响研究

发布时间：2018-06-24 10:17

本文选题：政府人力资本投资 + 居民消费　；参考：《湖南师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国的经济建设自改革开放以来取得了举世瞩目的成就,但是居民消费却普遍偏低。从实际情况来看,以传统的高投资和出口来拉动经济的方式已经很难再适应我国的国情,带动我国经济持续快速增长。人力资本作为一种新的生产要素,慢慢影响了经济的发展,从而成为影响居民消费的重要因素。人力资本投资主要由政府、个人和企业的投资组成。由于人力资本投资具有外部效应,在投资过程中容易形成市场失灵,因此,需要政府的宏观调控。政府参与人力资本投资还可以在一定程度上避免风险以及优化人力资本资源配置。近几年,政府不断加大教育、医疗等方面投入来刺激消费需求,因此,研究政府人力资本投资究竟对我国的居民消费产生怎样的影响,对我国发展人力资本投资和促进居民消费具有现实意义。本文从改善政府人力资本投资、拉动消费水平的方向入手,分析并论证了政府人力资本投资如何影响居民消费的现象。首先,本文从理论上分析了我国人力资本投资对居民消费的影响;其次,对我国政府人力资本投资的发展现状进行详细的介绍;再次,本文选取1992—2013年的全国年度数据作为研究样本,并以时间序列模型和VAR模型为基础,从整体分析和路径分析两个视角来分析政府人力资本投资是如何影响居民消费的;最后,针对实证结果,对如何提升我国居民消费提出政府人力资本支出的政策建议。根据实证研究结果,我们发现,在整体分析中,政府人力资本投资(教育人力资本投资和健康人力资本投资)对居民消费之间存在挤入效应。并且,收入、收入差距以及人口年龄结构都是影响居民消费水平的重要因素;而在路径分析中,研究结果显示政府人力资本投资通过提高居民收入、缩小收入差距以及引致私人人力资本投资来影响居民消费。基于实证结果,文章从增加政府人力资本支出规模、提高政府人力资本支出效率及完善相关配套机制等方面提出政策建议,以期达到提升居民消费的目的。
[Abstract]:China's economic construction has made remarkable achievements since the reform and opening up, but the residents' consumption is generally low. From the actual situation, it is very difficult to adapt to the situation of our country by the traditional way of high investment and export to pull the economy, and drive our country's economy to grow continuously and rapidly. As a new factor of production, human capital has gradually affected the development of economy and become an important factor affecting the consumption of residents. Human capital investment is mainly composed of government, individual and enterprise investment. Due to the external effect of human capital investment, it is easy to form market failure in the process of investment, so it is necessary for the government to adjust and control macroscopically. Government participation in human capital investment can also avoid risks and optimize the allocation of human capital resources to a certain extent. In recent years, the government has continuously increased its investment in education and medical care to stimulate consumer demand. Therefore, to study the impact of government investment in human capital on residents' consumption in China, It is of practical significance for our country to develop human capital investment and promote resident consumption. This paper starts with the direction of improving the government's human capital investment and pulling the consumption level, and analyzes and demonstrates how the government's human capital investment affects the residents' consumption. First of all, this paper theoretically analyzes the impact of human capital investment on the consumption of residents; secondly, the development of human capital investment in China's government is introduced in detail; thirdly, This paper selects the national annual data from 1992 to 2013 as the research sample, and based on the time series model and the VAR model, analyzes how the government human capital investment affects the residents' consumption from the perspective of holistic analysis and path analysis. Based on the empirical results, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions on how to improve the consumption of Chinese residents. According to the empirical results, we find that, in the overall analysis, there is a crowding effect between government human capital investment (education human capital investment and healthy human capital investment) on residents' consumption. Moreover, the income gap and the age structure of the population are the important factors that affect the consumption level of the residents. In the path analysis, the research results show that the human capital investment of the government can improve the residents' income. Narrowing the income gap and leading to private human capital investment to affect consumption. Based on the empirical results, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions from the aspects of increasing the scale of government human capital expenditure, improving the efficiency of government human capital expenditure and perfecting the relevant supporting mechanism, in order to achieve the purpose of enhancing the consumption of residents.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F126.1;F249.2

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