农业机械化贡献率测算方法的研究及应用
发布时间：2018-08-02 20:01
【摘要】：农业机械化对农业生产有着十分重要的作用,一直以来学术界都注重农业机械化贡献率测算方法的研究,并提出了多种方法,但是每种方法都有其优点和不足,目前没有形成统一、规范的方法。因此研究现有的测算方法,分析其缺点和不足并加以改进,完善农业机械化贡献率的测算方法,这是学术必须要解决的问题。在广泛阅读有关资料文献的基础上,本文以系统工程理论为导向,采用定性分析结合定量分析,理论研究结合实际生产的方法,将农业机械化贡献率的测算方法作为研究重点。本研究的主要内容和成果如下:(1)分析阐明农业机械化及其贡献率的概念,明确研究范畴,同时着重研究线性规划理论和农业生产投入要素及其产出弹性的理论,为农业机械化贡献率测算方法的研究提供理论依据。(2)分析现有文献中农业机械化贡献率的测算方法,具体包括特尔斐法、有无比较法、C-D生产函数法、索洛余值法和数据包络分析法。研究发现当农业投入要素的产出弹性随着时间而变化时,C-D生产函数法和索洛余值法的测算结果出现负值,而实际生产中农业机械化的贡献率不可能为负数,这说明测算结果与实际生产不相吻合。针对此问题,本文提出了基于增长速度方程的有约束农业机械化贡献率的测算法和基于生产函数的有约束农业机械化贡献率的测算法,此两种方法均以线性规划为工具,分别将增长速度方程和生产函数转化为熟悉的线性规划模型,通过求解线性规划得出各投入要素的产出弹性系数,进而求出农业机械化的贡献率。(3)以农业大省黑龙江1995-2012年的农业生产为例,采用本文提出的基于增长速度方程的有约束测算法和基于生产函数的有约束测算法测算黑龙江省农业机械化的贡献率。其中,基于增长速度方程的有约束测算法的测算结果为12.35%,基于生产函数的有约束测算法的测算结果为10.72%,这两种方法的测算结果均为正值,且在合理的范围内,克服了C-D生产函数法和索洛余值法的不足。(4)在采用基于增长速度方程的有约束法和基于生产函数的有约束法测算黑龙江省农业机械化贡献率的过程中均算出了各种投入要素的产出弹性。其中农机总动力、化肥投入量、农作物总播种面积、有效灌溉面积和农业劳动力的产出弹性系数的算术平均值分别为0.2072、0.4781、0.5872、0.6211和0.0547。本文以此为依据给出了农业增产措施:加快农业水利工程建设;减少化肥,增加有机肥的使用;继续加大农业机械化的投入。本论文的研究成果使得农业机械化贡献率的测算方法得到进一步的发展完善。相关决策部门可以从中得到更加科学的理论依据,有利于全面推进农业机械化事业,促进农业发展,同时也帮助相关职能部门全面系统的了解农业生产,强化农业生产的管理与监督。
[Abstract]:Agricultural mechanization plays a very important role in agricultural production. The academic circles have always paid attention to the research of the contribution rate of agricultural mechanization, and put forward a variety of methods, but each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. At present, there is no uniform, standardized method. Therefore, it is necessary for the academic to study the existing calculation methods, analyze their shortcomings and improve the methods of calculating the contribution rate of agricultural mechanization. On the basis of extensive reading of relevant materials and documents, this paper, guided by the system engineering theory, adopts qualitative analysis combined with quantitative analysis, theoretical research combined with practical production, and takes the method of calculating the contribution rate of agricultural mechanization as the research focus. The main contents and achievements of this study are as follows: (1) the concepts of agricultural mechanization and its contribution rate are analyzed and clarified, and the research scope is clarified. At the same time, the theory of linear programming and the theory of input factors and their output elasticity of agricultural production are emphatically studied. It provides a theoretical basis for the study of the method of measuring the contribution rate of agricultural mechanization. (2) it analyzes the methods of calculating the contribution rate of agricultural mechanization in the existing literature, including Delphi method, C-D production function method and comparison method. Solow residual value method and data Envelopment Analysis method. It is found that when the output elasticity of agricultural input factors changes with time, the calculation results of C-D production function method and Solow residual value method are negative, but the contribution rate of agricultural mechanization in actual production cannot be negative. This shows that the results of calculation and actual production does not coincide. In order to solve this problem, this paper puts forward the method of calculating the contribution rate of constrained agricultural mechanization based on growth rate equation and the method of calculating the contribution rate of constrained agricultural mechanization based on production function, both of which are based on linear programming. The growth rate equation and production function are transformed into familiar linear programming model, and the output elasticity coefficient of each input element is obtained by solving linear programming. Then the contribution rate of agricultural mechanization is obtained. (3) take the agricultural production in Heilongjiang province from 1995 to 2012 as an example. The contribution rate of agricultural mechanization in Heilongjiang Province is calculated by using the constrained calculation method based on the growth rate equation and the constrained calculation method based on the production function in this paper. Among them, the results of the constrained calculation method based on the growth rate equation are 12.35, and the results of the constrained calculation method based on the production function are 10.72.The results of both methods are positive and within a reasonable range. It overcomes the shortcomings of C-D production function method and Solow residual value method. (4) in the process of calculating the contribution rate of agricultural mechanization in Heilongjiang Province by using the constrained method based on growth rate equation and the constrained method based on production function, the contribution rate of agricultural mechanization in Heilongjiang Province is calculated. The output elasticity of input elements. The arithmetic mean values of the total power of agricultural machinery, the amount of chemical fertilizer input, the total planting area of crops, the effective irrigation area and the output elasticity coefficient of agricultural labor are 0.2072 ~ 0.4781 ~ 0.5872 ~ 0.6211 and 0.0547 ~ (7), respectively. Based on this, the paper gives some measures to increase agricultural production: speeding up the construction of agricultural water conservancy projects, reducing chemical fertilizer, increasing the use of organic fertilizer, and continuing to increase the input of agricultural mechanization. The research results of this paper make the calculation method of agricultural mechanization contribution rate to be further developed and improved. Relevant decision-making departments can get more scientific theoretical basis from it, which is conducive to comprehensively promoting the cause of agricultural mechanization and promoting agricultural development, and also helps relevant functional departments to understand agricultural production in a comprehensive and systematic manner. Strengthen the management and supervision of agricultural production.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.3;F224
本文编号：2160567
[Abstract]:Agricultural mechanization plays a very important role in agricultural production. The academic circles have always paid attention to the research of the contribution rate of agricultural mechanization, and put forward a variety of methods, but each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. At present, there is no uniform, standardized method. Therefore, it is necessary for the academic to study the existing calculation methods, analyze their shortcomings and improve the methods of calculating the contribution rate of agricultural mechanization. On the basis of extensive reading of relevant materials and documents, this paper, guided by the system engineering theory, adopts qualitative analysis combined with quantitative analysis, theoretical research combined with practical production, and takes the method of calculating the contribution rate of agricultural mechanization as the research focus. The main contents and achievements of this study are as follows: (1) the concepts of agricultural mechanization and its contribution rate are analyzed and clarified, and the research scope is clarified. At the same time, the theory of linear programming and the theory of input factors and their output elasticity of agricultural production are emphatically studied. It provides a theoretical basis for the study of the method of measuring the contribution rate of agricultural mechanization. (2) it analyzes the methods of calculating the contribution rate of agricultural mechanization in the existing literature, including Delphi method, C-D production function method and comparison method. Solow residual value method and data Envelopment Analysis method. It is found that when the output elasticity of agricultural input factors changes with time, the calculation results of C-D production function method and Solow residual value method are negative, but the contribution rate of agricultural mechanization in actual production cannot be negative. This shows that the results of calculation and actual production does not coincide. In order to solve this problem, this paper puts forward the method of calculating the contribution rate of constrained agricultural mechanization based on growth rate equation and the method of calculating the contribution rate of constrained agricultural mechanization based on production function, both of which are based on linear programming. The growth rate equation and production function are transformed into familiar linear programming model, and the output elasticity coefficient of each input element is obtained by solving linear programming. Then the contribution rate of agricultural mechanization is obtained. (3) take the agricultural production in Heilongjiang province from 1995 to 2012 as an example. The contribution rate of agricultural mechanization in Heilongjiang Province is calculated by using the constrained calculation method based on the growth rate equation and the constrained calculation method based on the production function in this paper. Among them, the results of the constrained calculation method based on the growth rate equation are 12.35, and the results of the constrained calculation method based on the production function are 10.72.The results of both methods are positive and within a reasonable range. It overcomes the shortcomings of C-D production function method and Solow residual value method. (4) in the process of calculating the contribution rate of agricultural mechanization in Heilongjiang Province by using the constrained method based on growth rate equation and the constrained method based on production function, the contribution rate of agricultural mechanization in Heilongjiang Province is calculated. The output elasticity of input elements. The arithmetic mean values of the total power of agricultural machinery, the amount of chemical fertilizer input, the total planting area of crops, the effective irrigation area and the output elasticity coefficient of agricultural labor are 0.2072 ~ 0.4781 ~ 0.5872 ~ 0.6211 and 0.0547 ~ (7), respectively. Based on this, the paper gives some measures to increase agricultural production: speeding up the construction of agricultural water conservancy projects, reducing chemical fertilizer, increasing the use of organic fertilizer, and continuing to increase the input of agricultural mechanization. The research results of this paper make the calculation method of agricultural mechanization contribution rate to be further developed and improved. Relevant decision-making departments can get more scientific theoretical basis from it, which is conducive to comprehensively promoting the cause of agricultural mechanization and promoting agricultural development, and also helps relevant functional departments to understand agricultural production in a comprehensive and systematic manner. Strengthen the management and supervision of agricultural production.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.3;F224
【参考文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 苏斐菲;我国分省区农业技术进步贡献率测算研究[D];中国农业科学院;2013年
，本文编号：2160567
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