最低工资对新疆就业的影响研究

发布时间：2018-08-06 09:38

【摘要】：最低工资制度,是国家为了保障劳动者的合法权益,在他们完成规定的劳动任务之后能够获得相应的劳动报酬来维持他们的生产生活的一种法律保障。最低工资最早产生于个别资本主义国家,而随着资本主义生产力的不断进步,越来越多的农民失去土地变为廉价劳动工人,他们深受资本家的沉重剥削而不得不用暴力来争取自己的权益。20世纪以后,随着这种形式的不断扩展,很多资本主义国家都开始实施最低工资制度。我国最低工资制度的实施要追溯到1922年解放区根据地时期制定的《劳动法案大纲》,之后不断有新的法律条文来补充完善最低工资立法,但是直到1994年我国的最低工资保障制度才得以初步确立。最低工资是否应该实施,最低工资对就业的影响到底如何,从该制度建立到如今学术界都进行着激烈的讨论。我国学术界也以本国为对象,进行了深入的研究,大部分的研究结果都表明我国应该实行最低工资制度。因为最低工资制度在很多方面都发挥了积极的推动作用,比如保障劳动者的合法权益、缩小劳动者的收入差距、促进产业结构调整等等。而纵观文献,发现最低工资的理论讨论比较多,实证偏少,而最低工资的就业效应以全国为对象研究多,但以新疆为研究对象的十分稀少。随着丝绸之路经济带的构建,新疆的战略地位将更加突出,其跨越式发展与长治久安的发展目标也充满了机遇与挑战,因此,本文从最低工资的角度来研究新疆的就业就更有现实意义。本论文分为六个部分。第一部分是绪论,主要介绍了论文写作的背景与意义,国内外的研究综述,本文的研究思路、内容和研究方法等。第二部分是最低工资就业效应的理论基础,主要归纳了理论的演变。第三部分分析了两个内容,一是最低工资制度的发展历程与新疆最低工资制度的现状;二是新疆的就业状况。第四部分是本文的核心部分,主要通过实证来分析新疆最低工资的就业效应。利用时间序列模型与面板数据模型分别从全疆、分产业、分地区等方面来展开分析。结果表明:第一,从全疆来看,最低工资对就业具有反向的拉动作用,即随着最低工资的提高,会造成一部分就业量的减少。第二,最低工资对三大产业的就业产生了不同的影响效果。对第一产业没有明显的影响效果,对第二产业具有较大的正向效应,即最低工资的提高会带来第二产业就业的增加,对第三产业具有较大的负向效应。第三,从具体地区来看,天山北坡经济带地区出现了正向的影响效果,而南疆贫困地区的就业效应不显著。第五部分是案例分析,选取了代表国外的美国与法国,代表国内东、中、西三个地区的北京、湖北与重庆,来分析它们的最低工资就业效应。结果发现:国外对最低工资的研究结果不尽相同,美国的研究大多表现出最低工资的提高会对就业造成负向效应。法国的研究多少表明没有发现最低工资与就业的明显的负向关系。而就国内来说,研究结果大部分表现出最低工资对就业的促进作用,当然也有一些研究没有表现出明显的关系。最后,结合研究结果,我对新疆的最低工资制度改革提出了一些政策建议。
[Abstract]:The minimum wage system is a legal guarantee for the state to guarantee the legitimate rights and interests of workers and to obtain corresponding labor remuneration after they have completed the prescribed work tasks to maintain their production and life. The minimum wage is first produced in individual capitalist countries, and with the continuous progress of the capitalist productive forces, more and more people have become more and more productive. Many farmers lose their land and become cheap working workers. They are deeply exploited by capitalists and have to use violence to gain their rights and interests for.20 century. With this kind of expansion, a lot of capitalist countries have begun to implement the minimum wage system. The implementation of the lowest wage system in China is traced back to Jiefang District in 1922. According to the "labor bill outline", which was formulated at the base period, there were new laws to supplement the minimum wage legislation, but it was not until 1994 that the minimum wage guarantee system in our country was initially established. There is a heated discussion. The academic circles of our country have carried out deep research on the country as the object. Most of the research results show that the minimum wage system should be implemented in our country. Because the minimum wage system has played a positive role in many aspects, such as ensuring the legitimate rights and interests of the workers and reducing the income gap of the workers, To promote the adjustment of the industrial structure and so on. And in the literature, it is found that the theoretical discussion of the minimum wage is much more, the empirical is less, and the employment effect of the minimum wage is studied more and more in the country, but Xinjiang is very rare. With the construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt, the strategic position of Xinjiang will be more prominent, and its leap forward development and the development of its strategic position will be more prominent. The development goal of long-term stability is also full of opportunities and challenges. Therefore, it is more realistic to study the employment of Xinjiang from the point of view of the minimum wage. This paper is divided into six parts. The first part is the introduction, which mainly introduces the background and significance of the thesis writing, the research review at home and abroad, the research ideas, the content and the research side of this paper. The second part is the theoretical basis of the minimum wage employment effect, mainly summarizes the evolution of the theory. The third part analyzes the two contents, one is the development process of the minimum wage system and the status of the minimum wage system in Xinjiang; two is the status of employment in Xinjiang. The fourth part is the core part of this article, mainly through the empirical analysis of the new analysis. The employment effect of the minimum wage is analyzed with the time series model and the panel data model, respectively. The results show that, first, the minimum wage has a reverse pull on employment, that is, with the increase of the minimum wage, a part of the employment will be reduced. Second, the most. Low wages have different effects on the employment of the three major industries. There is no obvious effect on the first industry, it has a greater positive effect on the second industry, that is, the increase of the minimum wage will bring about the increase of second industry employment and the greater negative effect on the third industry. Third, from the specific area, the north slope of Tianshan Mountains There is a positive effect in the economic zone, while the employment effect of the poor areas in southern Xinjiang is not significant. The fifth part is a case analysis, which selects the United States and France representing foreign countries, representing the Beijing, Hubei and Chongqing in the three regions of the East, middle and West, to analyze their lowest wage employment effect. The research results are different. Most American studies show a negative effect on employment. In France, the study shows that there is no obvious negative relationship between minimum wage and employment. Finally, combined with the research results, I put forward some policy suggestions on the reform of the minimum wage system in Xinjiang.
【学位授予单位】：新疆财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F249.24;F249.24

【相似文献】