高强度工作环境下疲劳恢复时间的分析与预测
发布时间：2018-09-06 10:50
【摘要】：随着社会的发展和科技的进步,市场竞争日益激烈,在过去的十年里,为了提高生产效率,许多人类的劳动都已经被现代机器所取代。然而,依然有一些既需要足够的体力,又需要足够的警觉性的工作是机器无法代替的。在上述工作中,高强度工作占了重要的份额。任何调动大肌肉群的收缩,耗氧量达到最大耗氧量(VO2max)50%及以上的体力活动都可以被定义为高强度工作。在现实工作中,很多工作人员从事的工作都属于此范畴,如消防员、救援人员、维修人员以及体育运动员等。而这些从业者的工作环境往往都是比较复杂并且艰苦的。高强度工作会引发疲劳,疲劳会使得工作人员的无法完成工作并且认知表现下降,甚至造成严重的事故。因此,我们运用工效学知识于高强度工作人员的工作休息时间安排,提高其生产效率和安全性。在本次试验研究中,一共有47位受试者参与了实验。本实验分为两个部分,第一个部分是反应时运动时在安静、高强度运动后、主观恢复时间后和客观恢复时间后四个时间点的变化趋势。第二部分是客观恢复时间和主观恢复时间预测模型的构建。47位受试者被分为两组,其中6位被随机选择组成对照组,其他受试者组成实验组。实验组成员的数据被用以构建客观恢复时间和主观恢复时间的预测模型,对照组的数据被用以验证模型的准确性。测试前,每位受试者需要完成个人信息统计表、运动功能感知测试问卷(PFA)和运动等级测试问卷(PA-R)这三份问卷。在测试过程中,所有受试者都需要完成高强度工作测试(70%最大工作能力),他们持续不断的工作直到精疲力竭,然后静坐休息,当他们自我感觉不再疲劳时,所用的休息时间被记录为主观恢复时间;当他们的心率恢复到工作前的基准值时,所用的休息时间被记录为客观恢复时间。所得数据经过SPSS软件处理,我们发现客观恢复时间与相对身体质量指数、PFA得分、PA-R得分和最大心率显著相关,并以此为依据构建出客观恢复时间的预测模型;主观恢复时间与性别、相对身体质量指数、正常心率、PFA得分和PA-R得分显著相关,并以此为依据构建出主观恢复时间的预测模型。对于客观恢复时间预测模型,我们通过运用年龄与最大心率的相关线性函数,可以得到一个不需要实验室实验数据的更加简便的预测模型。总而言之,高强度工作后,受试者的认知表现会有一定程度的下降;主观恢复时间后的认知表现比高强度工作前更好;客观恢复时间后的认知表现恢复到高强度工作前的状态。通过引入PFA和PA-R自测问卷,我们可以构建出不需要经过复杂的实验室试验的客观恢复时间预测模型和主观恢复时间预测模型。据此,我们可以做出合理的工作安排。当休息时间短于客观恢复时间时,高强度工作者不宜继续执行高强度工作,需要休息;当休息时间超过主观恢复时间,便可以被安排做一些不需要体力工作的简单的脑力工作,直到完成客观恢复,继而接着进行高强度工作。因此,在已知主观恢复时间和客观恢复时间的基础上,我们可以合理灵活安排高强度体力工作和简单脑力工作相结合的工作休息时间,提高工作效率,降低工作风险。
[Abstract]:With the development of society and the progress of science and technology, the market competition is increasingly fierce. In the past ten years, in order to improve production efficiency, many human labor has been replaced by modern machines. Intensity work accounts for an important share. Any physical activity that mobilizes the contraction of large muscles and maximizes oxygen consumption (VO2max) by 50% or more can be defined as high-intensity work. In real work, many of the staff work in this area, such as firefighters, rescuers, maintenance personnel and sports. The working environment of these employees is often complex and difficult. High intensity work can lead to fatigue, fatigue can make staff unable to complete their work and cognitive performance decline, and even cause serious accidents. In this study, 47 subjects participated in the experiment. The experiment was divided into two parts. The first part was the change trend of the four time points after quiet, high intensity exercise, subjective recovery time and objective recovery time. The second part was the objective recovery time. Forty-seven subjects were divided into two groups. Six of them were randomly selected to form a control group and the others to form an experimental group. Before the test, each participant was asked to complete three questionnaires: the Personal Information Statistics, the Motion Function Perception Test (PFA) and the Sports Rank Test (PA-R). When they no longer felt tired, the rest time was recorded as subjective recovery time; when their heart rate returned to the baseline before work, the rest time was recorded as objective recovery time. The subjective recovery time was significantly correlated with gender, relative body mass index, normal heart rate, PFA score and PA-R score, and a subjective recovery time prediction model was constructed based on the R score and maximum heart rate. By using a linear correlation function between age and maximum heart rate, a simpler prediction model without laboratory data can be obtained. By introducing PFA and PA-R self-test questionnaires, we can construct objective recovery time prediction model and subjective recovery time prediction model without complicated laboratory tests. Accordingly, we can make reasonable work arrangements. When the rest time is shorter than objective. When the recovery time is longer than the subjective recovery time, the high-intensity worker can be arranged to do some simple mental work which does not require physical work until the objective recovery is completed and then the high-intensity work is carried out. Therefore, the subjective recovery time and the objective recovery time are known. On the basis of multiple hours, we can reasonably and flexibly arrange the work break time which combines high-intensity physical work with simple mental work, so as to improve work efficiency and reduce work risk.
【学位授予单位】：江苏科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F249.2
本文编号：2226125
[Abstract]:With the development of society and the progress of science and technology, the market competition is increasingly fierce. In the past ten years, in order to improve production efficiency, many human labor has been replaced by modern machines. Intensity work accounts for an important share. Any physical activity that mobilizes the contraction of large muscles and maximizes oxygen consumption (VO2max) by 50% or more can be defined as high-intensity work. In real work, many of the staff work in this area, such as firefighters, rescuers, maintenance personnel and sports. The working environment of these employees is often complex and difficult. High intensity work can lead to fatigue, fatigue can make staff unable to complete their work and cognitive performance decline, and even cause serious accidents. In this study, 47 subjects participated in the experiment. The experiment was divided into two parts. The first part was the change trend of the four time points after quiet, high intensity exercise, subjective recovery time and objective recovery time. The second part was the objective recovery time. Forty-seven subjects were divided into two groups. Six of them were randomly selected to form a control group and the others to form an experimental group. Before the test, each participant was asked to complete three questionnaires: the Personal Information Statistics, the Motion Function Perception Test (PFA) and the Sports Rank Test (PA-R). When they no longer felt tired, the rest time was recorded as subjective recovery time; when their heart rate returned to the baseline before work, the rest time was recorded as objective recovery time. The subjective recovery time was significantly correlated with gender, relative body mass index, normal heart rate, PFA score and PA-R score, and a subjective recovery time prediction model was constructed based on the R score and maximum heart rate. By using a linear correlation function between age and maximum heart rate, a simpler prediction model without laboratory data can be obtained. By introducing PFA and PA-R self-test questionnaires, we can construct objective recovery time prediction model and subjective recovery time prediction model without complicated laboratory tests. Accordingly, we can make reasonable work arrangements. When the rest time is shorter than objective. When the recovery time is longer than the subjective recovery time, the high-intensity worker can be arranged to do some simple mental work which does not require physical work until the objective recovery is completed and then the high-intensity work is carried out. Therefore, the subjective recovery time and the objective recovery time are known. On the basis of multiple hours, we can reasonably and flexibly arrange the work break time which combines high-intensity physical work with simple mental work, so as to improve work efficiency and reduce work risk.
【学位授予单位】：江苏科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F249.2
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1 潘骁;高强度工作环境下疲劳恢复时间的分析与预测[D];江苏科技大学;2015年
，本文编号：2226125
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