中国城市蔓延现状及其对碳排放的影响

发布时间：2018-10-15 11:41

【摘要】：人口集聚和产业集聚使城市得以诞生,而城市化进程又进一步推动人口和产业集聚。在政府和市场双重作用力下,城市规模迅速扩大,空间结构剧烈重构,世界各国均出现了一定程度的城市蔓延。倘若把欧美国家的城市蔓延看作是汽车革命驱动下的市场自组织的过程,那国内的蔓延的形成则是超速经济发展下对城市用地空间的渴求和对原有集约用地的埋单。起点低,速度快是中国城镇化最鲜明的特征。在此过程中,城市化速度进一步加快,城市空间迅速扩张,由此带来的碳排放问题已得到广泛关注。因此,研究城市蔓延对碳排放的影响及其作用机制对于我国实现低碳化有着显著的现实意义。本文基于对城市蔓延科学内涵的理论解析,借鉴国外学者测度蔓延的方法,创新性引入DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据,构建适合中国国情的城市蔓延测度模型,使得城市蔓延指数更具空间表达含义,从而增强测度结果的信服力。根据对中国35个大中型城市测算结果,从整体、区域和聚类三个维度分析了当前中国城市蔓延现状。进而,对城市蔓延对碳排放的影响进行实证分析。结果显示,我国城市普遍存在城市蔓延的情况,蔓延程度与城市经济发展水平、产业结构、城市规划布局以及政府政策关系密切。其中,东北地区蔓延程度最为严重,中西部次之,而经济发达的东部地区相对最轻。此外,通过蔓延指数与碳排放的实证分析证明了城市蔓延与碳排放呈正相关,说明低密度的城市扩张往往伴随着较高的碳排放量。据此,本文认为,我国在今后的城镇化道路上,应稳扎稳打,着重强调人的城镇化,切实提高城镇化质量,充分发挥已有空间的内在承载力,提倡紧凑的空间形态,建立紧凑型城市,从而保证在经济增长的同时,实现又好又快的低碳发展。
[Abstract]:Population agglomeration and industrial agglomeration make cities come into being, and urbanization further promotes population and industrial agglomeration. Under the dual force of government and market, the scale of the city expands rapidly, the space structure reconstructs violently, and the cities spread to a certain extent in the countries all over the world. If the urban sprawl in Europe and the United States is regarded as a self-organizing process of market driven by the automobile revolution, the formation of domestic sprawl is the demand for urban land space and the payment for the original intensive land under the development of overspeed economy. The starting point is low, the speed is the most distinct characteristic of China's urbanization. In this process, the speed of urbanization and the rapid expansion of urban space have been further accelerated, resulting in carbon emissions has been widely concerned. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the effect of urban sprawl on carbon emissions and its mechanism for the realization of low carbonization in China. Based on the theoretical analysis of the scientific connotation of urban sprawl, using the methods of foreign scholars to measure the urban sprawl, this paper innovatively introduces the DMSP/OLS night light data to construct the urban sprawl measurement model suitable for China's national conditions. It makes the urban sprawl index more spatial expression, thus enhancing the confidence of the measurement results. According to the measurement results of 35 large and medium-sized cities in China, the present situation of urban sprawl in China is analyzed from three dimensions: overall, regional and clustering. Furthermore, the impact of urban sprawl on carbon emissions is analyzed empirically. The results show that urban sprawl is common in Chinese cities, and the degree of urban sprawl is closely related to the level of urban economic development, industrial structure, layout of urban planning and government policies. Among them, the northeast region is the most serious, the central and western regions the second, and the economic development of the eastern region is relatively the lightest. In addition, the positive correlation between urban sprawl and carbon emissions is proved by the empirical analysis of the spread index and carbon emissions, which indicates that low density urban expansion is often accompanied by higher carbon emissions. On the basis of this, this paper holds that our country should be steady and steady on the road of urbanization in the future, emphasizing the urbanization of people, improving the quality of urbanization, giving full play to the inherent bearing capacity of existing space, and advocating the compact space form. Build compact cities to ensure good and fast low-carbon development while economic growth.
【学位授予单位】：暨南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X22;F299.2

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