城市规模与企业生产率关系的实证研究

发布时间：2018-12-10 13:42

【摘要】：城市规模不断扩大是城市化进程中的一个显著特点。在初期,城市通过知识和技术外溢、共享基础设施、拓展产业前后向联系等产生规模经济,进而带动区域经济发展。但随着城市规模的进一步扩大,大城市所带来的交通拥堵和环境污染等一系列“城市病”现象也更加明显。企业作为市场经济主体,一方面是商品市场的供给者,另一方面又是劳动力市场的需求者；它们不仅是国民经济的重要组成部分,也是推动经济发展的主要动力。企业在不断带动经济发展的同时也受到城市规模经济的影响,因此,城市规模变化能否为企业带来实际利益,是决定城市未来发展方向的重要因素。首先,本文对国内外城市规模和企业生产率相关研究文献进行了归纳和总结。其次,基于1998-2007年微观企业调查数据和地级市城市规模统计数据,研究城市规模和企业生产率水平之间的关系。通过回归分析发现,城市规模每扩大一个百分点,企业生产率水平会提高0.0047个百分点。最后,为避免内生性问题,本文进一步使用工具变量法修正了原有回归模型得出：城市规模每扩大一个百分点可以引起企业生产率水平提高1.18个百分点,且东、中、西部均无一例外地表现出积极效果。实证检验的结果和理论分析相吻合,即城市规模扩大有助于提高企业生产率水平,且二者之间存在“倒U型”演进关系。综合以上理论分析和实证结果给出的政策建议为：努力推进城市化进程仍然是释放企业创新或发展的重要抓手；虽然东部地区越来越受到城市拥挤效应的影响,但中、西部地区正受益于城市规模的扩张。
[Abstract]:The continuous expansion of urban scale is a remarkable feature in the process of urbanization. In the initial stage, cities produce economies of scale through spillover of knowledge and technology, sharing infrastructure, and expanding backward and backward linkages of industries, thus driving the development of regional economy. However, with the further expansion of urban scale, a series of "urban diseases" such as traffic congestion and environmental pollution brought by big cities are becoming more obvious. As the main body of market economy, enterprises, on the one hand, are the suppliers of the commodity market, on the other hand, they are the demanders of the labor market, which are not only an important part of the national economy, but also the main motive force to promote the economic development. At the same time, enterprises are influenced by urban scale economy while driving economic development. Therefore, whether the change of urban scale can bring real benefits to enterprises is an important factor that determines the future direction of urban development. First of all, this paper summarizes the domestic and foreign research literature on urban scale and enterprise productivity. Secondly, based on the microenterprise survey data from 1998 to 2007 and the city scale statistics of prefecture-level cities, the relationship between urban scale and enterprise productivity level is studied. By regression analysis, it is found that the productivity level of enterprises will increase by 0.0047 percentage points with the expansion of urban scale by one percentage point. Finally, in order to avoid the endogenous problem, the paper further uses the tool variable method to revise the original regression model. It is concluded that every percentage point expansion of the urban scale can lead to an increase of 1.18 percentage points in the productivity level of the enterprise, and in the east, the middle and the east. The west all show positive effect without exception. The results of empirical test are in agreement with theoretical analysis, that is, the expansion of urban scale helps to improve the level of enterprise productivity, and there is a "inverted U-shaped" evolution relationship between the two. Based on the above theoretical analysis and empirical results, the policy recommendations are as follows: to promote the urbanization process is still an important grasp to release the innovation or development of enterprises; Although the eastern region is increasingly affected by the urban congestion effect, the central and western regions are benefiting from the expansion of urban scale.
【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F299.2;F279.2

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