被动式建筑设计基础理论与方法研究

发布时间：2018-01-19 12:44

本文关键词： 被动式建筑设计理念设计目标整合设计方法建筑评价　出处：《西安建筑科技大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：以二氧化碳为代表的温室气体,导致地球不断变暖。应对气候变化、倡导低碳生活已经成为了全人类的共识。在这种共识下,被动式建筑成为继绿色建筑、低碳建筑、可持续建筑等之后备受社会各界关注的热点之一。自上世纪九十年代以来,被动式建筑凭借超低能耗已受到欧洲各国政府的认可和支持,学术界也展开了较为深入和系统的研究。被动式建筑这一概念也很快被我国学者所接受。近年来关于被动式建筑的文章,包括理论阐述、技术引介、作品介绍等屡见不鲜。与此形成明显对比的是,被动式建筑设计的实践却有些止步不前,城乡建筑业的高能耗高排放等现象未因此明显改观。究其原因,在于被动式建筑不是简单易于操作的外在形式,对其研究需要有内在突破,包括系统地研究被动式建筑,不将目光再聚焦于建筑形式,而是关注被动式建筑设计最基本的问题,从而使得被动式技术与建筑设计的自然融合,使绿色建筑回归设计本身。本文从这一角度出发,综合运用建筑气候学、建筑哲学、社会学、经济学、系统科学、决策科学等学科的基本理论与方法,将被动式建筑置于人与自然的宏观背景下,突出被动式建筑作为手段和工具的技术性角色,研究了被动式建筑设计基点、设计目标、设计过程及方法,并探讨了被动式建筑设计结果的评价。这些研究,旨在树立建筑师结合气候的设计理念,使得建筑师充分考虑地域气候条件,运用保温隔热、蓄热放热、自然通风、被动采暖等被动式技术策略,提高建筑舒适性,实现建筑节能减排的目标。本文创新点如下:第一,运用跨学科的研究方法,围绕被动式建筑的本体论、认识论及价值论三个主题展开研究。首次对被动式建筑设计基础理论进行了综合性表述,包括被动式建筑的概念界定、本质特征及设计理念、设计目标、设计过程及方法及评价等,建立了被动式建筑设计的基础理论框架体系。第二,针对因被动式建筑概念不清晰及而导致的实践中推进缓慢等问题,运用辩证逻辑研究方法,从本体论层面回答了“被动式建筑是什么”的问题。界定了被动式建筑基本概念,厘清了被动式建筑与绿色建筑、可持续建筑、节能建筑与低碳建筑等相近概念的区别与联系,对被动式建筑的本质做了理论概括:被动式建筑凸显建筑的手段角色而不是目的角色;被动式建筑凸显工具角色而不是产品角色。第三,针对现存建筑评价体系中因处理实际数据能力较弱而导致的评价科学性和准确性较低等问题,运用层次分析法及模糊综合判断方法,初步建立了被动式建筑设计微观评价模型,优化了建筑评价体系;运用投入产出分析方法,初步建立了被动式建筑的宏观评价模型,以测算其对宏观经济及环境的影响。这些研究从价值论层面上回答了“被动式建筑做的怎么样”的问题。
[Abstract]:Carbon dioxide as the representative of greenhouse gases, resulting in continuous warming of the earth. To deal with climate change, advocating low-carbon life has become the consensus of all mankind. Under this consensus, passive buildings become green buildings. Since -10s, passive construction has been recognized and supported by European governments with ultra-low energy consumption. The concept of passive architecture has also been accepted by Chinese scholars. In recent years, the articles on passive architecture, including theoretical elaboration, technology introduction. In contrast to this, the practice of passive architectural design is somewhat stagnant, and the phenomenon of high energy consumption and high emissions in urban and rural construction industry has not changed obviously. Passive architecture is not a simple and easy to operate the external form, the research needs to have an internal breakthrough, including a systematic study of passive architecture, do not focus on the form of architecture. But pay attention to the most basic problems of passive architectural design, so that passive technology and architectural design of the natural fusion, so that the green building back to the design itself. From this point of view, comprehensive use of architectural climatology. The basic theories and methods of architectural philosophy, sociology, economics, system science, decision science and so on put passive architecture under the macro background of man and nature. Highlighting the technical role of passive architecture as a means and tool, this paper studies the basic points, design objectives, design process and methods of passive architectural design, and discusses the evaluation of passive architectural design results. The purpose of this paper is to set up the design concept of the architect combined with the climate, so that the architect can fully consider the regional climate conditions, and use passive technical strategies such as thermal insulation, heat storage and heat release, natural ventilation, passive heating and so on. The innovation of this paper is as follows: first, the use of interdisciplinary research methods around passive building ontology. For the first time, the basic theory of passive architectural design has been comprehensively expressed, including the definition of the concept of passive architecture, essential characteristics and design concept, design objectives. Design process, methods and evaluation, established the passive architectural design of the basic theoretical framework system. Second, because of the concept of passive architecture is not clear and lead to slow progress in practice and so on. Using the dialectical logic research method, this paper answers the question of "what is passive architecture" from the ontological level, defines the basic concept of passive architecture, clarifies passive architecture and green architecture, sustainable architecture. The difference and relation of the similar concepts such as energy-saving building and low-carbon building are summarized theoretically: passive building highlights the role of means rather than the role of the end; Passive architecture highlights tool role rather than product role. Third, the existing building evaluation system due to the weak ability to deal with the actual data caused by the evaluation of scientific and low accuracy and so on. By using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the fuzzy comprehensive judgment method, the micro evaluation model of passive architectural design is established preliminarily, and the architecture evaluation system is optimized. Using the input-output analysis method, the macro evaluation model of passive building is established. In order to measure its impact on macroeconomics and environment, these studies answered the question of "how to do passive architecture" from the perspective of value theory.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU201.5

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