成都平原水系与城镇选址历史研究

发布时间：2018-03-06 03:05

本文选题：成都平原　切入点：城镇选址　出处：《西南交通大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中国古代城镇选址是集合经济、军事、水利、气象、地质、防灾、美学等多学科、多领域的复杂问题,从有意识的营造建设城镇的活动,也开始了人类对于这个问题的思考,并在长期的选址实践中积累了丰富的经验,在总体表现出朴素而谨慎、耐心而实际、明确的地域特质和时代特征,是中国传统智慧处理复杂问题的突出体现。改革开放以后,经过三十年的快速城镇化建设,我国大部分城镇已基本完成大布局阶段,新城建设热潮方兴未艾,但许多选址仓促而定,不可避免地出现了诸多严重问题。如何重新认识自然,处理人与自然的关系,成为各个领域所关注的问题。尤其是在目前新型城镇化背景下,城镇内外的各要素空间面临着进一步优化、集聚和重组的历史机遇,复杂的人地关系和严峻的城镇安全问题都将成为城镇发展的重要挑战。因此,总结具有本土特征和适应性的古代城镇选址规律、经验具有重大现实意义和史实意义。成都平原作为中华文明的起源之一,在其蔓延数千年的城市文明里,河流水系均作为一个重要的自然生态要素始终贯穿其中,正如古人所描述“邑之有沟渠,犹人之有脉络也”,它作为城镇的血脉不仅承载了丰富的文化内涵,造就了成都平原“天府之国”的美名,还对历史时期城镇选址以及建设的各个方面都产生了深刻的影响。近现代随着城市建设速度加快,尤其是进入21世纪之后,昔日“因水而兴,因水而荣”的成都平原面临着“因水而困”的发展窘境,城市水环境质量迅速下降,故总结成都平原“得水之利避水之害”城镇选址规律以及经验,可以为其解决发展难题、实现可持续发展,提供可资借鉴的思路。因此,本文以河流水系作为切入点,以成都平原城镇选址作为研究对象,根据两者的发展进程,将纵向历史时间维度划分为四大阶段(公元前5000至公元前256年,公元前256年至公元266年,公元266年至公元1271年,公元1271年至公元1911年),在此前提下本文以谭其骧《历史地理图集》为基础补绘、增绘、改绘不同阶段成都平原河流水系变迁、城址分布图纸,并重点研究各阶段成都、都江堰等部分城镇选址以及建设的具体情况以及特点,力图从宏观、中观层面分析成都平原城镇选址的发展历史事实。在此基础上,分别梳理历史时期成都平原城址选择、城址分布、城址形态、城址功能空间的特点,其整体呈现出以水系为导向、与水系复合、明显耦合关系的特点,提出成都平原河流水系与城镇选址的相互关系经历了“避水”、“防水”到“利水”两大阶段。最后在历史过程和规律特点已然清晰的基础之上,本文力图在成都平原河流水系与城镇选址历史规律和经验中探讨对继承和发扬本土地域和传统文化特色、构建城镇可持续发展道路的启示。
[Abstract]:In ancient China, the location of cities and towns was a complex problem of gathering economy, military affairs, water conservancy, meteorology, geology, disaster prevention, aesthetics, and so on. From the activities of consciously building cities and towns, people began to think about this problem. And has accumulated rich experience in the long-term siting practice, in the overall performance simple and cautious, patient and practical, clear regional characteristics and the characteristics of the times, is China's traditional wisdom to deal with complex problems outstanding embodiment. After the reform and opening up, After 30 years of rapid urbanization construction, most cities and towns in our country have basically completed the big layout stage, and the upsurge of new city construction is in the ascendant, but many sites are chosen hastily and many serious problems inevitably arise. Dealing with the relationship between man and nature has become a problem of concern in various fields, especially under the background of new urbanization at present, the space of elements inside and outside the town is faced with the historical opportunity of further optimization, agglomeration and reorganization. The complex relationship between man and land and the severe problems of urban security will become important challenges for the development of cities and towns. Therefore, this paper summarizes the rules of location of ancient cities and towns with local characteristics and adaptability. Experience is of great practical and historical significance. Chengdu Plain, as one of the origins of Chinese civilization, has been running through the river system as an important natural ecological element in its urban civilization, which has spread for thousands of years. As the ancients described, "there are ditches in the cities and veins in the people of Judah". As the blood of the towns, it not only carries rich cultural connotations, but also creates the reputation of the "land of abundance" in the Chengdu Plain. It has also had a profound impact on all aspects of urban siting and construction during the historical period. In modern times, with the acceleration of urban construction, especially after 21th century, the past "flourished because of water," Chengdu Plain, which is prosperous because of water, is faced with the dilemma of "being trapped by water", and the quality of urban water environment is declining rapidly. Therefore, summing up the urban location rules and experience of "getting the benefit of water and avoiding the harm of water" in Chengdu plain can solve the problem of development for Chengdu Plain. Therefore, this paper takes river system as the breakthrough point, takes Chengdu plain town location as the research object, according to the development process of both. The longitudinal historical time dimension is divided into four stages (5000 BC to 256 BC, 256 BC to 266 AD, 266 AD to 1271). From 1271 to 1911, on the basis of Tan Qixiang's Historical and Geographic Atlas, this paper redraws the drawings of river system change and city site distribution in different stages of Chengdu Plain, and focuses on the study of Chengdu in different stages. This paper tries to analyze the historical facts of urban location selection in Chengdu Plain from macroscopic and meso level, based on which, the selection of urban site in Chengdu Plain is sorted out respectively in the historical period, based on the specific situation and characteristics of the location and construction of some towns in Dujiangyan and other cities, such as Dujiangyan, and so on. The characteristics of city site distribution, city site form, city address function space, and its overall characteristics are that the water system is the guide, the combination with the water system, and the obvious coupling relationship. It is proposed that the relationship between river system and urban location in Chengdu Plain has experienced two stages: "water escape", "waterproofing" and "water benefit". Finally, on the basis of clear historical process and regular characteristics, This paper attempts to explore the historical rules and experiences of river system and town location in Chengdu Plain and discuss the enlightenment to inherit and develop the local regional and traditional cultural characteristics and to construct the sustainable development road of cities and towns.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU984.2;TU984.18

【引证文献】