中国西南干栏建筑体系研究

发布时间：2018-03-17 15:37

  本文选题：干栏　切入点：中国西南地区　出处：《重庆大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文是基于对西南地区现存的丰富的干栏建筑的田野调查和现有研究成果,对西南地区干栏建筑体系的系统性研究,目的是在西南地域文化视野下系统总结西南广大地域中多样化的干栏的系统关系和特点。针对目前对单一地区或单一民族干栏研究的现状,本研究具有“整体观”的积极意义,对更全面把握西南干栏建筑文化和加深对西南地域建筑文化的认识有重要价值。论文选取西南地区具有代表性和保持着较为完好原生态的村落或集镇作为干栏的样本采集地。通过在这些村落、集镇展开的田野调查、测绘访谈等工作,一方面补充和完善了西南地区干栏的影像、图纸资料,另一方面动态地考察了西南地区干栏建筑的特征演变与空间分布的关系,结合学界已取得的研究成果,为系统研究提供了基础。在历史文化层面,先从对世界范围内的干栏文化现象进行阐述,指出了世界栅居现象的存在是源自人类早期文化的同源性,再从民族关系和文化特质上分析了亚太栅居文化区的亲缘性。在中国范围内,利用考古遗址,出土器物和古代文献中的信息探索了中国干栏的兴衰过程和形态出现分化的历史节点。在针对西南干栏体系的研究上,论文运用了文化地理学中“形式文化区”的概念,将“干栏”作为一种形式文化的指标,根据这个指标的分布情况,确定出滇西沿边地区,黔南桂北山区,武陵山地区三大干栏建筑文化的核心区。并从地理和历史的角度,阐述了这三大核心区空间范围的结构、形成过程是和西南地区历史上的民族自治、移民活动、改土归流这些政治活动以及对外的交通路线布局有直接关系的。结合这三个核心区的人文地理特点,对其“地域文化属性”与其“建筑类型特征”进行关联性研究,在区域差异和类型差异两条线索上做出“区、系、类型”的区划,并结合实例详细剖析各区系类型的建筑特征,总结出干栏建筑在空间上从滇西沿边到黔南桂北,再到武陵山的三个区域,代表了滇云系、黔桂系和武陵系三个不同的区系,在这样的地域空间内呈现出了从原生(全干栏)——嬗变(半干栏)——蜕化(局部干栏及山地建筑)的演化历程。对于干栏的“群体”——聚落,运用“文化景观”的概念进行研究,剖析“人地关系”、“人人关系”的互动结果对聚落最终物质形态的影响。在营造学的范畴,总结了西南地区干栏建筑中具有代表性的“叉手”和“穿斗”两种结构体系在屋架、出挑檐口等方面的技术特征,从匠作文化的层面分析了西南地区风俗各异的营建习俗下共通的匠作文化的机制。论文结构上形成了从文化、文化区、建筑、聚落、营造几个层面的整体研究框架。从研究方法上引入了“人文地理学”的方法,参考了“考古学”、“民族学”的研究成果,实现了干栏研究领域的学科交叉;从研究结论上分析了地域文化视角下西南地区干栏的谱系关系,以及从区系建筑类型特征的对比中总结出的干栏的形态演化规律。
[Abstract]:This paper is based on the southwest region existing abundant dry field investigation of buildings and the existing research results, systematic research on the architecture of the southwestern region of the dry column, the purpose is summed up in the southwest region of diverse stem column system, and the characteristics of the southwest regional culture from the perspective of the system. According to the present situation of a single region or a single national dry column study, has the positive significance of the "wholeness" in this study, a more comprehensive grasp of the southwest of Ganlan architecture culture and deepen understanding of the southwest regional architectural culture has important value. This paper selects the southwest representative and maintained a relatively intact the original ecology of the village or town as a sample of dry column acquisition. Through field investigation in these villages, town expansion, survey interviews, on the one hand, supplement and perfect the bar image, dry southwest drawings, the other party To examine the relationship between dynamic evolution characteristics of buildings and the spatial distribution of the dry southwest region, combined with the research results have been obtained, and provides a basis for system research. In the historical and cultural level, first described from the Ganlan cultural phenomenon in the world, pointed out the existence of the world is the gate home phenomenon from the human homologue of the early culture, from the ethnic relations and cultural characteristics of the Asia Pacific gate home affinity cultural area. In Chinese range, the use of archaeological sites, unearthed artifacts and ancient literature information in the exploration of China stem decline process and form of historical node differentiation in a study of columns. Southwest dry column system, the use of cultural geography in "Cultural District" concept, the "Ganlan" as a form of cultural indicators, according to the distribution of the index, determine the West Yunnan border. Qiannan District, North Guangxi area, the core area of Wuling area three big buildings and culture. From the geographical and historical perspectives, expounds the structure of the space of three core area, and is the formation process of ethnic autonomy, southwest the history of immigration, soil improvement is directly related to the stream of these political activities and the external traffic route layout. Combined with the geographical characteristics of the three core areas, related research on the "regional culture attribute" and "building types", "area, regional differences and differences in type two clues, the zoning types", and combined with the architectural features of a detailed example the system, summed up the Ganlan architecture from western Yunnan border to the north of Qiannan province in the space, and then to the three areas of Wuling Mountain, on behalf of the Department of Yunnan nephsystem, three different areas in Guizhou and Guangxi Department and the Department of Wuling, in this region Space shows from the native (dry column) - transmutation (semi dry column) - degenerate (local dry column and mountain building) the evolution of the course. For the dry column of the "group" -- the settlement, were investigated using the concept of "cultural landscape", analyzes the "relationship between human", "interaction of everyone the results of the final settlement between" material form. In the construction theory category, summarizes the southwest representative buildings in the dry "hands" and "wear" two kinds of structure in the roof, cornice overhangs and other aspects of the technical features, from the composition of a level of a common the construction of the southwest customs customs vary under the culture mechanism. The structure formed from culture, culture, construction, settlement, and create the overall research framework of several aspects. From the research methods on the introduction of the "human geography" method, with reference to the "test The ancient study "," research of Ethnology ", the research field of interdisciplinary stem column; from the conclusion of the study on the analysis of the relationship between the southwest stem lineage bar regional culture perspective, and the evolution law of the dry column summarizes the comparison from the floristic characteristics of the type of construction.

【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU241.5
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本文编号：1625366