高性能VIP基材料的制备技术、性能及老化行为研究

发布时间：2018-03-18 20:01

本文选题：真空绝热板　切入点：纳米材料　出处：《东南大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着社会的不断进步,能源对于经济发展的重要性也日益凸显。建筑能耗在整个能源应用消耗领域中占有较大的比例。为了减少建筑能耗,作为超高性能保温材料的真空绝热板(VIP)也逐渐被重视。目前,已有大量的建筑物开始使用真空绝热板作为外墙或内墙保温材料,在能源节约上也呈现出了VIP的优越性。但是,针对超高性能真空绝热板的制备工艺、膜材劣化、服役寿命预测及建筑能耗模拟等方面,目前鲜有系统的研究。为此,本文对VIP进行了全方面的分析和研究,力图为真空绝热板在建筑物上的使用提供一定的理论指导和实验基础。在VIP的制备方面,本文采用气相二氧化硅(fs)、沉淀二氧化硅(ps)、硅灰(sf)等纳米材料作为候选材料,制备了VIP芯板。并针对不同芯材体系,获得合适的成型压力、芯板烘干时间以及板材的封装时间。研究结果发现,以气相二氧化硅为芯材制备的VIP导热系数最低,低至3.741mW/m·K。硅灰的掺入在一定程度上使得V1P导热系数升高。以沉淀二氧化硅为芯材制备的VIP成本最低,并且导热系数也较低,为4.856mW/m·K。在VIP服役寿命预测方面,本文采用不同pH值(7、11和13)的NaOH溶液及饱和Ca(OH)2溶液在不同温度条件下(20℃和60。C)对VIP膜材进行腐蚀试验,获得VIP膜材的劣化规律,为VIP在建筑中的应用提供一定的实验基础。此外,本文还采用了VIP寿命预测模型对使用不同膜材VIP的使用寿命进行了预测。综合腐蚀试验和寿命预测数据结果,多层金属化膜(MF)为VIP最佳的包覆膜材,玻璃纤维网格布膜(GF)次之,铝膜(AF)不适合作为建筑用VIP的包覆膜材。针对VIP单纯的纳米粉体芯材体系,本文利用亲水和疏水的气相二氧化硅、沉淀二氧化硅、二氧化硅气凝胶和膨胀珍珠岩作为基材,吸附石蜡RT21制备了微米量级的定形相变材料。发现在同种材料下,亲水基材的石蜡吸附量要高于疏水基材。对于亲水ps、fs和气凝胶,RT21吸附量(RT21质量／(RT21质量+基材质量))分别为65%、70-73%和78%,对疏水ps、fs和气凝胶,RT21吸附量分别为58%、65%和71%。最终优选出了利用亲水沉淀二氧化硅制备的定形相变材料与纳米粉体复合制备VIP-PCM复合板。适量定形相变材料的掺入,可以有效提高VIP对测试盒子内部温度变化调节的性能。为了获得VIP-PCM复合板用于建筑物时对建筑物能耗的影响,本文通过建立居民楼和办公楼两种建筑物模型,利用EnergyPlus能耗模拟软件对在不同气候区域下采用不同保温材料的建筑物进行能耗模拟计算,获得本文所制备的VIP及VIP-PCM复合板在建筑能耗节约上的优越性。通过模拟计算发现,在严寒、寒冷、冬冷夏热区,对建筑物外墙和屋顶使用本文所研发的20mmVIP保温效果最好,以办公楼为例,相较于PU作为外墙保温材料时,能耗分别降低9.10%、5.31%、3.24%。20mmVIP-PCM复合板次之,建筑总能耗分别降低3.86%、2.29%和1.45%。在冬暖夏热及温和区域,不适合对建筑物进行过多的保温处理,因为夏季建筑保温做的越好,室内热量不容易向室外传输,从而提高建筑的能耗。特别是温和地区,适合对其建筑物进行10mmVIP-PCM复合板保温处理或添加相变材料,通过其温度调节功能来降低建筑的能耗。
[Abstract]:With the development of society, the importance of energy for economic development has become increasingly prominent. In the whole energy consumption of building energy consumption accounted for a large proportion in the field. In order to reduce building energy consumption, as the vacuum insulation panel ultra high performance insulation materials (VIP) have gradually taken seriously. At present, the use of vacuum insulation panel as the outer wall or inner wall there are a lot of building insulation materials, in energy conservation is also showing the superiority of VIP. However, the preparation process of ultra high performance vacuum insulation panel, membrane material deterioration, service life prediction and Simulation of building energy consumption, etc., there is currently little research system. Therefore, this paper analyses and research all aspects of VIP, in order to provide some theoretical guidance and experimental basis for the use of vacuum insulation panels in the building. In the preparation of VIP, this paper adopts fumed silica (FS) precipitation, two Silicon oxide (PS), silica fume (SF) and nano materials as candidate materials, VIP core board was prepared. According to the different core material system, to obtain proper moulding pressure, core plate drying time and plate package time. The results of the study showed that the gas phase silica for VIP thermal conductivity of core material preparation the lowest low to 3.741mW/m K. wollastonite due to the incorporation of V1P thermal conductivity increased to a certain extent. The precipitated silica core material to prepare the lowest cost of VIP, and the thermal conductivity is low, 4.856mW/m and K. in the VIP service life prediction, this paper using different pH values (7,11 and 13). NaOH solution and saturated Ca (OH) 2 solution under different temperature conditions (20 C and 60.C) corrosion tests of VIP membrane materials, the deterioration law of VIP membrane, provides an experimental basis for the application of VIP in the building. In addition, this paper also uses the model to predict the lifetime of VIP use Different membrane material VIP service life was predicted. The results of comprehensive corrosion test and life prediction data, multilayer metal film (MF) for the VIP coated membrane material of glass fiber mesh cloth membrane (GF) of aluminum film (AF) is not suitable for coated membrane material VIP used as a building for VIP. Pure nano powder core material system, using hydrophilic and hydrophobic fumed silica, precipitated silica, silica aerogel and expanded perlite as substrate, the PCM micron prepared adsorption paraffin RT21 system. Found in the same material, paraffin adsorption substrate is higher than that of hydrophilic hydrophobic hydrophilic to the substrate. PS, FS and gel, the adsorption capacity of RT21 (RT21 / (RT21 + substrate quality quality quality)) were 65% and 78%, 70-73%, FS and PS on hydrophobic, gel, the adsorption capacity of RT21 were 58%, 65% and 71%. were selected using hydrophilic silica precipitation The preparation of PCM and nano powder composite preparation of VIP-PCM composite plate. The amount of the PCM incorporation, can effectively improve the performance of VIP on the test box internal temperature regulation. In order to influence on the energy consumption of buildings to obtain VIP-PCM composite plate used for building, through the establishment of residential buildings and office building two buildings the model used in different climatic regions under different insulation materials building energy consumption simulation calculation using energy simulation software EnergyPlus, obtain the superiority of the prepared VIP and VIP-PCM composite board in building energy saving. According to the simulation results, in the cold, cold, cold winter and hot summer, the roof and walls of buildings the use of the research and development of 20mmVIP heat preservation effect is best, the office building as an example, compared to the PU as external insulation materials, energy consumption decreased by 9.10%, 5.31%, 3.24%.20mmV The IP-PCM composite board of the total building energy consumption decreased by 3.86%, 2.29% and 1.45%. in temperate areas and cool summer heat, not suitable for building insulation treatment, because summer building insulation do better, not easy to heat the indoor outdoor transmission, so as to improve the building's energy consumption. Especially in temperate regions, suitable for the building of 10mmVIP-PCM composite board heat treatment or the addition of phase change materials, to reduce the energy consumption of the building through its temperature regulating function.

【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU551

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