排水模型和LID技术在海绵城市中的应用

发布时间：2018-03-24 09:23

本文选题：雨水系统　切入点：管网模型　出处：《清华大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：全球范围的气候不规律导致暴雨频发,而国内各城市在遭遇较大暴雨时多次出现严重的城市内涝以及水体污染事故,造成了居民人身和财产的损失,也破坏了城市的日常秩序。究其内因,是由于国内各城市的排水系统建设标准过低,同时城市排水系统的基础资料严重缺失,因此难以对其进行有效的管理和维护。目前排水系统信息化发展较快,国内外研究人员开发出了多种排水系统模型,此外LID已被世界各国普遍接受,并开发出了多种技术措施,二者均得到了广泛应用。故本文拟利用排水系统模型和LID技术措施进行城市排水系统规划技术研究,为国内城市频繁的内涝灾害提供一种新的解决方案。本文首先使用排水模型对研究区的排水系统进行了建模,通过基础资料收集、模型数据导入、模型元素修正、降雨情景设定和模型参数校核等建立起了完整且准确的研究区排水系统模型。模型元素的修正采用了现场勘查和剖面图校对方法,使得模型系统中元素的物理属性与实际情况相符合;模型参数校核采用了手动调整方式,通过实测结果与模拟结果的对比将模型元素的各个计算参数进行了微调,把模拟结果的准确度控制在90%以上;在降雨情景的设定中,本文将单一周期暴雨分公式曲线转换为相应的芝加哥雨型曲线,雨峰系数设置为0.2。之后对研究区在11种暴雨重现期下的运行状况进行了详细分析,发现在较高重现期下其排水管网系统会发生严重的溢流,进而导致大面积内涝和道路阻断。并在此详细分析的基础上对多种LID设施的功能特点以及研究区下垫面的适用性进行了分析,确定出了适用于研究区下垫面的4个备选LID设施建设方案,拟通过低冲击开发改造来提升研究区排水系统抵抗暴雨袭击的能力。随后利用层次分析法对4个备选的LID建设方案进行了效能分析,综合比较了备选方案在径流控制方面和经济指标方面的效能优劣,得出了最优方案,最优方案可以明显改善研究区排水系统在高重现期降雨下的溢流情况和内涝现状,且在经济指标方面处于最优。在100a重现期下,最优方案对径流总量的削减率为40%,对溢流节点数目、节点平均溢流时间和道路阻断时间的降低程度均达到70%以上。
[Abstract]:The irregular climate around the world leads to frequent rainstorms, while many serious urban waterlogging and water pollution accidents occur in domestic cities when they encounter heavy rainstorms, resulting in the loss of people's lives and property. It also destroys the daily order of the city. The internal cause is that the construction standards of the drainage systems in various cities in China are too low, and the basic data of the urban drainage systems are seriously lacking. Therefore, it is difficult to manage and maintain the drainage system effectively. At present, the drainage system information is developing rapidly. Researchers at home and abroad have developed a variety of drainage system models. In addition, LID has been widely accepted in the world, and many technical measures have been developed. Both of them have been widely used. Therefore, this paper intends to use the drainage system model and LID technology measures to study the urban drainage system planning technology. This paper provides a new solution for frequent waterlogging disasters in domestic cities. Firstly, the drainage model is used to model the drainage system in the study area. Through the collection of basic data, the introduction of model data, the modification of model elements, A complete and accurate drainage system model of the study area has been established by setting up rainfall scenarios and checking model parameters. The modification of model elements has adopted the methods of on-site survey and cross-section proofreading. The physical properties of the elements in the model system are consistent with the actual conditions, and the model parameters are calibrated manually, and the calculation parameters of the model elements are fine-tuned by comparing the measured results with the simulation results. The accuracy of the simulation results is controlled to more than 90%, and in the setting of rainfall scenarios, the one-cycle rainstorm sub-formula curve is converted into the corresponding Chicago rain curve. The peak coefficient of rain is set to 0.2. Then, the operating conditions of the study area under 11 kinds of rainstorm recurrence period are analyzed in detail, and it is found that serious overflow will occur in the drainage pipe network system under the higher recurrence period. On the basis of the detailed analysis, the functional characteristics of various LID facilities and the applicability of the underlying surface in the study area are analyzed. Four alternative LID facilities for the underlying surface of the study area have been identified. In order to improve the ability of drainage system to resist rainstorm in the study area through low-impact development and transformation, this paper analyzes the effectiveness of four alternative LID construction schemes by using the Analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The effectiveness of the alternative scheme in runoff control and economic index is compared, and the optimal scheme is obtained. The optimal scheme can obviously improve the overflow and waterlogging situation of drainage system under high recurrence rainfall in the study area. In the 100a recurrence period, the reduction rate of the optimal scheme to the total runoff is 40%, and the reduction degree of the number of overflow nodes, the average overflow time and the road blocking time of the overflow nodes are over 70%.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU992

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