辽代佛教寺院的营建与空间布局

发布时间：2018-03-29 03:23

  本文选题：辽代佛教寺院　切入点：营建　出处：《清华大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：辽代是中国历史上佛教信仰最为兴盛,佛教寺院营建活动最为发达的时代之一。辽代寺院的源流直接来自唐代北方地区,又在二百余年的发展中受到契丹统治阶层的影响,形成了与宋地不同的面貌,对后世的金元时代寺院也产生了直接的影响。本文通过对正史、行纪、石刻和地方志等相关文献的收集与分析,结合地面寺院建筑实例、考古遗址等材料,系统整理了文献和遗物遗迹中所见的三百余处辽代新建和在辽代存续的寺院的相关情况,并以这些寺院为研究基础,从宏观、中观与微观三个层面对辽代寺院的营建和空间布局情况进行了研究。宏观层面,本文将辽代二百余年的寺院营建活动,区分为太祖、太宗,世宗、穆宗,景宗、圣宗,兴宗至辽亡四个发展阶段,厘清了辽代寺院营建活动的发展变化历程,以及各阶段营建活动的特点。同时,考察了在辽代寺院鼎盛的时期,辽国全境各地区寺院的总体分布趋势,明确了五京道区域内各自的寺院分布中心。中观层面,本文以建寺功德主的身份为基准,将辽代寺院区分为公共寺院与功德寺两种类型,分别探讨了平民邑社建寺、官府建寺和贵族建寺活动的不同运作方式,以及功德主在建寺活动中的不同作用。重点研究了由官府兴建的三学寺和由贵族兴建的坟寺这两种在辽代兴起的特殊类型寺院的营建情况。并整理了上京、中京、南京三座京城和三十七座地方州县城市城内和附近寺院的分布,讨论了辽代城市寺院与城市的位置关系,以及寺院的选址原则。微观层面,本文以各单一寺院为研究对象。首先,分析了寺院内佛殿、讲堂、佛塔、经藏、廊庑等主要组成部分的建筑空间形式和内部陈设方式。在此基础上,讨论辽代寺院的殿阁配置模式。明确辽代寺院的基本布局模式为前殿后堂,并有中轴线殿前后设高阁,主殿前设次要殿堂和院落两侧对峙双楼三种主要的发展形式。再次,以主殿的面阔间数为基准,将辽代寺院的基址规模分为三个等级,分别对应不同身份的功德主。再次,本文研究了辽代寺院不设子院而在周边地区设置下院属寺的情况,阐明了产生这一情况的宗教社会背景。最后,本文结合辽代城市建立时的移民情况,讨论了辽代寺院空间布局的源流。
[Abstract]:The Liao Dynasty was one of the most prosperous Buddhist beliefs in the history of China and one of the most developed Buddhist monasteries. The origins of the monasteries of the Liao Dynasty came directly from the northern areas of the Tang Dynasty and were influenced by the Qidan ruling class in the course of more than 200 years of development. Different from the Song Dynasty, it has a direct influence on the monasteries of the later Jin and Yuan dynasties. Through the collection and analysis of the relevant documents, such as the official history, the practice of the times, the stone carvings and the local chronicles, this paper combines the architectural examples of the monasteries on the ground. Archaeological sites, and other materials, systematically collate more than 300 newly built and surviving monasteries in the Liao Dynasty, which were found in the literature and relics, and based on these monasteries as the research basis, from the macro perspective, At the macro level, the monastery construction activities of more than 200 years in the Liao Dynasty are divided into Taizu, Taizong, Shizong, Muzong, Jingzong, Shengzong, Taizu, Taizong, Shizong, Muzong, Jingzong and Shengzong. From Xingzong to the end of Liao Dynasty, it clarifies the development and changes of the temple construction activities in Liao Dynasty and the characteristics of the construction activities in each stage. At the same time, it examines the peak period of monasteries in Liao Dynasty. The overall distribution trend of monasteries in all regions of the country of Liao, and the distribution centers of monasteries in Wujing and Taoism area are defined. At the middle level, this paper divides the monasteries of Liao Dynasty into two types: public monasteries and monasteries on the basis of the status of the masters of the merits of the monasteries. This paper discusses the different operation modes of the activities of the common people, the government and the aristocrats respectively. And the different roles of the masters of merit in the construction of monasteries. This paper focuses on the construction of the three schools monasteries built by the government and the tomb monasteries built by the aristocrats in the Liao Dynasty, and arranges the construction of the monasteries in Beijing and Beijing. The distribution of monasteries in and around the cities of three capital cities and 37 local prefectures and counties in Nanjing. The relationship between temples and cities in Liao Dynasty and the principle of siting of monasteries in Liao Dynasty are discussed. This article takes each monastery as the research object. Firstly, it analyzes the architectural space form and the internal furnishing mode of the main components of the temple, such as the Buddhist temple, the lecture hall, the pagoda, the Buddhist pagoda, the corridor and the veranda, etc. This paper discusses the layout mode of the temple in Liao Dynasty. It is clear that the basic layout model of the temple in Liao Dynasty is the front hall and the rear hall, and there are three main development forms in front of the central axis hall, secondary hall in front of the main hall and two buildings on both sides of the courtyard. Again, Based on the number of facets and widths of the main temple, the base site scale of the temple in Liao Dynasty is divided into three levels, corresponding to the different status of the meritorious masters. Thirdly, this paper studies the situation of the lower house temple in the surrounding area without the establishment of the sub-courtyard in the temple of the Liao Dynasty. Finally, this paper discusses the origin of the spatial distribution of temples in Liao Dynasty, combining with the immigration situation of the Liao Dynasty city when it was established.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU252
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本文编号：1679336