传统火炕与火墙式火炕的热工性能研究及软件开发

发布时间：2018-03-29 03:35

本文选题：火炕　切入点：火墙式火炕　出处：《沈阳建筑大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着经济水平的提高,广大农村居民对住宅的热舒适性要求越来越高。火炕是农村主要的采暖方式,但是传统的火炕存在很多问题,诸如炕面温度不均匀、浪费能源、空气污染等等,因此应该在传统火炕的基础上加以创新发展,才更能发挥火炕的优势。针对炕面温度不均匀的问题主要提出了两种改善方法,一是在炕头部分加换热器,二是利用新型火炕-火墙式火炕。目前针对这两种改善方法的研究很多都是以实验为基础,实验的方法虽然真实,但是实验设计实施复杂,往往因为更改某一条件而反复做实验,不仅效率不高,而且也没有广泛通用性。因此编制具有针对性的模拟软件来研究农村火炕热工性能是非常有必要的。首先,针对传统落地炕的热工性能进行研究,从简化边界条件的稳态传热和实际非稳态传热两种方法,通过传热学、流体力学、传质学等知识对研究进行深入分析和梳理,传统火炕类型的炕表面温度变化的数学模型、炕体蓄热和放热的数学模型,从而对火炕的热工性能进行了综合评价研究。研究发现,稳态计算下的火炕热工性能和非稳态计算下的火炕热工性能得到的结果基本能达到一致,因此我们认为在工程实践中,简化边界条件的稳态计算具有普遍运用价值。同时,发现传统火炕的炕面温度分布不均匀,能源利用率低,开发新型火炕十分紧迫。其次,针对火墙式火炕的热工性能同样从两种计算方法通过进行了研究,提出了火墙式火炕的炕表面温度变化的数学模型、炕体蓄热和放热的数学模型,从而对火墙式火炕的热工性能进行了综合评价研究。研究同样得出,两种计算方法下的火墙式火炕的热工性能误差在可接受范围内。而且火墙式火炕炕墙侧的温度得到明显提高,增加了火墙侧的热量利用率。再次,针对两种火炕的两种计算方法进行了模拟软件进行开发,此软件的开发大大简化了实验手段研究的复杂性。数据库技术的应用,通过软件可以选择不同的燃料、不同的火炕形式、不同的炕体材料等；可以输入不同的边界条件来模拟火炕的炕面逐时温度、炕内烟气温度、火炕的蓄热特性等数据。并且能通过不同的选择输入,确定出最佳的边界条件来提高火炕的热舒适性。火炕热工性能模拟软件非常灵活,并且具有广泛性、开放性和直观性。最后通过FDS模拟和实验手段对火炕热工性能模拟软件进行了验证,证实了上述模拟软件能较准确的模拟火炕的热工性能。本文研究对比稳态和非稳态计算下的传统火炕和火墙式火炕的热工性能,并且编制了农村火炕热工性能模拟软件,将大大简化原来通过实验研究的繁琐性。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of economic level, the thermal comfort of residential buildings is becoming more and more demanding for rural residents. Fire Kang is the main heating method in rural areas, but there are many problems in traditional Kang, such as uneven temperature on the surface of Kang, waste of energy. Air pollution and so on, therefore, should be innovated and developed on the basis of the traditional fire Kang, so as to give more play to the advantages of the fire Kang. To solve the problem of uneven temperature on the Kang surface, two main improvement methods are put forward, one is to add heat exchanger to the part of the Kang head. The second is to use the new type of fire Kang-fire wall type Kang. At present, many of the researches on these two improvement methods are based on experiments. Although the experimental methods are true, the experimental design and implementation are complex. It is not only inefficient but also not universal to make repeated experiments because of changing a certain condition. Therefore, it is very necessary to develop a targeted simulation software to study the thermal properties of rural fire Kang. First of all, In this paper, the thermal performance of traditional floor Kang is studied. From two methods of simplifying boundary condition, steady heat transfer and actual unsteady heat transfer, the research is deeply analyzed and combed through the knowledge of heat transfer, hydrodynamics, mass transfer and so on. Based on the mathematical model of the surface temperature change of the traditional Kang, the mathematical model of the heat storage and exothermic release of the Kang, the comprehensive evaluation of the thermal properties of the Kang is carried out. The results obtained from steady state calculation and non steady state calculation are basically consistent. Therefore, we think that in engineering practice, the steady state calculation of simplified boundary conditions is of universal application value. It is found that the temperature distribution of the traditional Kang is uneven and the energy efficiency is low, so it is very urgent to develop the new type of Kang. Secondly, the thermal properties of the fire Kang are also studied by two calculation methods. The mathematical model of the surface temperature change and the heat storage and exothermic model of the Kang are put forward in this paper, and the comprehensive evaluation of the thermal performance of the fire Kang of the fire wall type is carried out. Under the two calculation methods, the thermal performance error of the fire wall Kang is within the acceptable range. Moreover, the temperature of the wall side of the wall of the fire wall Kang is obviously increased, which increases the heat utilization ratio of the wall side. The simulation software is developed for two calculation methods of two kinds of Kang. The development of this software greatly simplifies the complexity of the research of experimental means. The application of database technology can select different fuels through software. We can input different boundary conditions to simulate the hourly temperature of the Kang surface, the flue gas temperature inside the Kang, the heat storage characteristics of the Kang, and so on. Determine the best boundary conditions to improve the thermal comfort of the Kang. The thermal performance simulation software is very flexible and extensive. Finally, the thermal performance simulation software of the Kang is verified by FDS simulation and experiment. It is proved that the above simulation software can accurately simulate the thermal performance of the fire Kang. In this paper, the thermal performance of the traditional fire Kang and the fire wall type fire Kang under steady and unsteady state calculation are studied and compared, and the thermal performance simulation software of the rural fire Kang is developed. It will greatly simplify the triviality of the original experimental research.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU832

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