文化景观视野下的石阡县传统聚落景观特质研究

发布时间：2018-04-03 22:44

本文选题：石阡县　切入点：传统聚落　出处：《华中农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：传统聚落是一种文化景观,具有重要的历史、文化、艺术、科学、社会价值。在现代化的进程中,不少传统聚落受到强烈的外来文化冲击,原有的景观特质被破坏,历史风貌逐渐消退,传统聚落景观开始出现与城市景观或其他地区聚落景观雷同、缺乏地域特色和文化历史内涵等问题。在这种背景下,对传统聚落的研究迫在眉睫。本文针对传统聚落的景观特质进行研究,以期对传统聚落的保护和发展提供一些理论依据。本文选择石阡县西南部地区的8个传统聚落做为研究对象。这里历来属于经济欠发达地区,其独特的自然环境和文化背景使得当地的传统聚落景观有着独特的气质,并且之前少有学者对此处进行研究。本文第一章介绍了研究的背景、意义、对象、方法、框架,并对相关概念进行了界定,并从文化景观的角度出发,将聚落景观分解为聚落整体景观特质、聚居空间景观特质和非物质景观特质这三部分。第二章通过对选址、山水环境、自然植被、农田景观、整体格局这些方面的解析研究聚落整体景观特质。第三章通过对规模与密度、形态布局、边界、建筑、巷道、地标和其他构筑物、色彩观感这些景素的解析来研究聚居空间景观特质。第四章通过对历史沿革、生活习俗、宗教信仰、审美观念的解析来研究非物质景观特质。第五章在上述研究的基础上,深入挖掘石阡地区传统聚落景观特质形成的内在驱动机制。通过以上研究发现,石阡县西南部地区传统聚落的整体景观特质有四点:聚落群山环绕,选址向阳;外部植被为常绿落叶混交林;内部植被未经雕琢,自由生长;梯田壮观,生产方式传统。建构筑物景观特质有五点:规模不大,密度较高;建筑沿山体等高线平行布置;建筑为穿斗式木结构;民居为正房加侧面吊脚厢房的组合;巷道狭窄幽深;整体色彩质朴厚重。非物质景观特质有七点:聚落景观受宗族关系影响较深;各民族传统服饰退出日常生活;受科举文化和儒家文化影响的痕迹浓厚;非物质文化遗产较多;居民日常生活恬淡质朴;居民审美观念契合自然;聚落的历史传说丰富。传统聚落景观特质的形成受到自然因素机制有:自然环境影响了传统聚落的物质景观和居民的生活方式;移民政策促成了传统聚落的建设和非物质景观的形成;交通的繁荣促进了聚落物质景观的发展,交通的停滞保全了聚落景观的风貌;多元文化影响了聚落建筑的形式、居民的生活和习俗。
[Abstract]:Traditional settlement is a cultural landscape with important historical, cultural, artistic, scientific and social values.In the process of modernization, many traditional settlements have been strongly impacted by foreign culture, the original landscape characteristics have been destroyed, the historical features have gradually receded, and the traditional settlement landscape began to appear similar to the urban landscape or the settlement landscape in other areas.Lack of regional characteristics and cultural and historical connotations and other issues.In this context, the study of traditional settlements is imminent.In this paper, the landscape characteristics of traditional settlements are studied in order to provide some theoretical basis for the protection and development of traditional settlements.In this paper, 8 traditional settlements in southwest Shiqian County are selected as research objects.This area has always been an underdeveloped region, its unique natural environment and cultural background make the local traditional settlement landscape has a unique temperament, and there are few scholars to study here before.The first chapter introduces the background, significance, object, method, framework of the research, and defines the related concepts. From the perspective of cultural landscape, the settlement landscape is decomposed into the overall landscape characteristics of settlement.There are three parts: the characteristics of residential space landscape and the characteristics of immaterial landscape.The second chapter studies the overall landscape characteristics of settlements through the analysis of site selection, landscape environment, natural vegetation, farmland landscape and overall pattern.The third chapter studies the characteristics of residential space landscape through the analysis of scale and density, morphological layout, boundary, architecture, roadway, landmarks and other structures, color view.The fourth chapter studies the characteristics of immaterial landscape through the analysis of historical evolution, living customs, religious beliefs and aesthetic concepts.On the basis of the above research, the fifth chapter explores the intrinsic driving mechanism of the formation of traditional settlement landscape characteristics in Shipathians.Through the above study, it is found that the overall landscape characteristics of traditional settlements in southwestern Shiqian County are as follows: the settlement mountains are surrounded by mountains, and the location is sunny; the outer vegetation is evergreen and deciduous mixed forest; the interior vegetation is uncarved and freely growing; and the terrace is spectacular.Traditional mode of production.There are five characteristics of the landscape of the building structure: small scale, high density, parallel arrangement along the contour line of the mountain body, the building is a wooden structure with bucket type, the house is the combination of the main house and the side hanging wing house, the tunnel is narrow and deep, and the whole color is simple and heavy.There are seven characteristics of immaterial landscape: the settlement landscape is deeply influenced by clan relationship, the traditional costumes of all nationalities withdraw from daily life, the trace of imperial examination culture and Confucian culture is strong, the intangible cultural heritage is more;The daily life of residents is simple and simple; the aesthetic concept of residents is in accord with nature; the historical legends of settlements are rich.The formation of traditional settlement landscape is influenced by natural factors: the natural environment influences the material landscape of traditional settlement and the life style of residents, the immigration policy promotes the construction of traditional settlement and the formation of immaterial landscape;The prosperity of traffic promotes the development of settlement material landscape, the stagnation of traffic preserves the style of settlement landscape, and multiculturalism influences the form of settlement architecture, the life and custom of residents.
【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU982.29

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