结合BIM的全生命周期环境影响评价与决策分析研究

发布时间：2018-04-14 07:22

本文选题：建筑信息模型(BIM) + 全生命周期评估(LCA)　；参考：《东南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国的建筑行业迅猛发展,建筑市场的规模不断扩大,资源与能源不断消耗,污染物不断排放,给环境带来了巨大的影响,严重影响整个行业甚至国民经济的可持续发展,为了减少建筑业发展带来的环境影响,实现建筑业的可持续性发展,体现绿色建筑的理念,对建设项目生命周期环境影响评价方法进行研究具有十分重要的意义。建筑材料及部件作为建筑的物质基础,其生命周期的各个阶段,从生产、施工、到建筑的使用、拆除都与能源和环境有着密切的关系。目前,国内外建筑节能领域的主要方向之一是从LCA(全生命周期评估)的角度讨论工程项目的能源消耗及其环境影响程度。本文首先对全生命周期评估方法的发展、定义、框架等内容进行系统阐述。运用BIM技术及工具构建建设项目的多维信息模型,并进一步定义BIM模型元素和建筑材料的关系,量化建筑物建筑材料的环境影响,对这五个阶段内的资源和能源的消耗进行清单分析,得到资源、能源的消耗清单和污染物的排放清单,运用层次分析法建立建设项目环境影响评价指标库,以期衡量建设项目的可行性。以东南大学土木交通教学科研楼的设计方案为例,建模并进行计算,分析该建筑物的楼板对环境影响的重要因素,评价建筑构配件---楼板全生命周期的环境表现,得出建筑构部件生命周期内对环境影响较大的阶段及产生较大环境影响的环境类型,从而有针对性地找出各个阶段改善环境的方法和措施。为建设项目全生命周期环境影响评价提供新思路,为建筑物设计阶段的方案优化提供理论支持,寻找提高建筑物能效的措施和方法,进而为人们创造出环境污染小、资源消耗少的绿色建筑。本文的最后对研究进行了总结,并对未来的研究提出了建议及展望。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the construction industry in our country, the scale of the construction market is expanding, the resources and energy are being consumed and the pollutants are being discharged, which has brought great influence to the environment, and seriously affected the sustainable development of the whole industry and even the national economy.In order to reduce the environmental impact brought by the development of the construction industry, realize the sustainable development of the construction industry and embody the concept of green building, it is of great significance to study the method of environmental impact assessment in the life cycle of the construction project.Building materials and components are the material foundation of architecture, and their life cycle is closely related to energy and environment, from production, construction to the use of buildings.At present, one of the main directions in the field of building energy conservation at home and abroad is to discuss the energy consumption and environmental impact of engineering projects from the point of view of LCA (whole life cycle assessment).In this paper, the development, definition and framework of life cycle assessment methods are systematically described.Using BIM technology and tools to build multi-dimensional information model of construction projects, and further define the relationship between the elements of BIM model and building materials, quantify the environmental impact of building materials.Through the inventory analysis of the consumption of resources and energy in these five stages, the consumption list of resources and energy and the emission inventory of pollutants are obtained, and the index bank of environmental impact assessment for construction projects is established by using the Analytic hierarchy process (AHP).With a view to measuring the feasibility of construction projects.Taking the design scheme of the civil transportation teaching and research building of Southeast University as an example, modeling and calculating, analyzing the important factors of the influence of the floor of the building on the environment, and evaluating the environmental performance of the whole life cycle of the building structure fittings -floor.The stage of great impact on environment and the type of environment with great environmental impact in the life cycle of building components are obtained, and the methods and measures to improve the environment in each stage are found out.It provides a new idea for the environmental impact assessment of the whole life cycle of the construction project, provides theoretical support for the optimization of the project in the stage of building design, and looks for the measures and methods to improve the energy efficiency of the building, so as to create small environmental pollution for people.Green buildings that consume less resources.At the end of this paper, the research is summarized, and suggestions and prospects for future research are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU17;X820.3

【相似文献】