西安市小区室外风环境模拟分析研究

发布时间：2018-04-23 09:40

本文选题：风环境 + 布局形式　；参考：《长安大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着城市规模的不断扩展和科学技术的快速发展,各种体型复杂,布局多样、规模庞大的住宅小区开始大量兴建,与此同时建筑群风热环境的问题也日益突出了。而城市住宅小区的污染物扩散、自然通风效率、热量的消散、建筑表面风压、人行高度的风舒适性和安全性均与其内部的风环境状况密切相关,由此也引发了人们对住宅小区室外风环境的普遍关注。如何为住宅小区内营造良好的室外风环境,为住户提供安全、健康、舒适、节能的室外风环境成为当今课题研究的热点。影响室外风环境的因素很多,比如建筑群的布局形式、建筑物的几何尺寸、不同地区的风向与地貌条件等,但是对于任何一个城市来说,地貌条件和风向风速是无法改变的,但是建筑的布局形式、建筑尺寸确是可以改变的,因此合理的建筑布局和建筑尺寸不但对营造良好的风环境起着很大的作用,而且也是研究小区风环境的重要参数。本文主要从建筑布局和建筑物尺寸的角度研究西安市住宅小区室外风环境。对于住宅小区室外人行高度处风环境的研究最常用的有三种方法:实地观测、风洞试验和计算机数值模拟。但相对于其它两种方法来说,计算机数值模拟有着造价低,周期短,而且可以形象、直观地展示模拟结果等优点,因而得到广泛应用。本文主要采用Phonics软件对西安市住宅小区室外人行高度处风环境进行数值模拟研究。本文通过总结简化西安市住宅小区的不同布局形式,得到四种符合实际建筑布局模型,即行列式、斜列式、错列式和混合式。首先根据西安市的气象参数,研究了四种典型布局分别在朝向为N、WN、EN时的室外风环境情况,讨论了一下不同的建筑朝向对住宅小区风环境的影响。然后针对这四种典型的住宅小区在朝向为N时的布局形式,采用Phonics软件建立48种不同几何参数的数值模型,对其风环境进行数值模拟,研究不同参数对典型住宅小区风环境的影响。论文最后通过分析模拟结果,获得建筑布局方式对住宅小区室外人行高度处风环境影响的一些结论,能够预报小区或一个建筑物建成后其周边风环境的情况,对城市建设和小区的前期布局规划提供了一定的理论基础和参考价值,避免由于盲目性建设给小区环境带来的不利影响。
[Abstract]:With the continuous expansion of urban scale and the rapid development of science and technology, various types of complex, diverse layout, large-scale residential areas began to build a large number of, at the same time, the building group wind and heat environment problems are increasingly prominent. However, the pollutant diffusion, natural ventilation efficiency, heat dissipation, wind pressure on the building surface, wind comfort and safety of pedestrian height are all closely related to the wind environment. Therefore, people pay more attention to the outdoor wind environment of residential district. How to create a good outdoor wind environment and provide safe, healthy, comfortable and energy saving outdoor wind environment has become a hot topic. There are many factors that affect the outdoor wind environment, such as the layout of buildings, the geometric dimensions of buildings, the wind direction and geomorphological conditions in different regions, etc. But for any city, the geomorphological conditions and wind direction and wind speed cannot be changed. However, the layout and size of buildings can be changed, so reasonable layout and size not only play a great role in creating a good wind environment, but also an important parameter to study the wind environment in residential areas. In this paper, the outdoor wind environment of Xi'an residential district is studied from the view of architectural layout and building size. There are three most commonly used methods to study the wind environment of outdoor pedestrian height in residential district: field observation wind tunnel test and computer numerical simulation. But compared with the other two methods, computer numerical simulation has many advantages, such as low cost, short period, visual display of simulation results and so on, so it is widely used. In this paper, Phonics software is used to simulate the wind environment of outdoor pedestrian height in Xi'an residential district. By summing up the different layout forms of Xi'an residential district, four kinds of building layout models are obtained, namely determinant, oblique, staggered and mixed. Firstly, according to the meteorological parameters of Xi'an, the outdoor wind environment of four typical configurations with the orientation of NWN en is studied, and the influence of different building orientations on the wind environment of residential district is discussed. Then, in view of the layout of the four typical residential areas in the direction of N, 48 kinds of numerical models of different geometric parameters are established by using Phonics software, and the wind environment is numerically simulated. The influence of different parameters on the wind environment of typical residential district is studied. Finally, by analyzing the simulation results, some conclusions about the influence of architectural layout on the wind environment at the outdoor pedestrian height of residential district are obtained, which can predict the wind environment around the residential area or a building after the completion of the building. It provides a certain theoretical basis and reference value for urban construction and residential district layout planning, and avoids the adverse effects of blind construction on the district environment.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU984.12;TU119

【参考文献】