三维激光扫描技术在钢结构厂房变形监测中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-04-24 13:25

本文选题：三维激光扫描技术 + 钢结构厂房　；参考：《江西理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：由于钢的特性使其存在延展性且在受力情况下变形较为复杂,特别是大型钢结构建筑(面积大、结构多样),为了减少外业工作量且快速准确获取变形信息,传统的单点式监测显然达不到目的,三维激光扫描技术为此带来了可能。因此,本文针对钢结构厂房变形监测,应用三维激光扫描技术展开研究,主要内容如下:(1)以FARO Focus 3D X330激光扫描仪为实验平台,在分析影响三维激光扫描测量的各种因素的基础上,从扫描距离、扫描分辨率等不同的误差源设计实验评价其对FARO Focus 3D X330扫描仪的精度影响。(2)由于地面三维激光扫描仪视场范围的限制和大型钢结构建筑物的面积大等原因,利用三维激光扫描技术对建筑物进行扫描时,需要进行多站扫描,这必将涉及到多站点云的拼接,而多站点云的拼接必然带来误差传递,造成误差不断积累。本文根据点云拼接原理,对点云拼接误差传播给出相应的计算步骤,推导点云拼接误差传播模型,通过设计合理的三维激光扫描路线来减小点云拼接误差。(3)设计了采用FARO Focus 3D X330激光扫描仪对钢结构厂房进行变形监测的方案,对点云数据获取步骤进行了阐述;通过编程并结合FARO SCENE三维激光扫描数据处理软件实现了钢结构厂房的点云去噪、本地坐标转换以及点云拼接。基于点云切片,提出一种基于中轴线上节点坐标偏移的方法提取钢结构建筑物变形信息,通过倾斜率和偏移方向反映了钢结构厂房的变形情况;另外,基于NURBS曲面建模,通过逆向工程软件Geomagic对钢结构厂房支撑柱进行建模分析,用不同的颜色值表示不同区域的变形情况,获得钢结构厂房支撑柱的整体变形信息。
[Abstract]:Because of the characteristics of steel, it has ductility and complex deformation under stress, especially large steel structure (large area, diverse structure), in order to reduce the workload and obtain deformation information quickly and accurately. Traditional single-point monitoring obviously can not achieve the goal, and 3D laser scanning technology has brought about the possibility. Therefore, in this paper, the three-dimensional laser scanning technology is used to study the deformation monitoring of the steel structure factory building. The main contents are as follows: (1) the FARO Focus 3D X330 laser scanner is used as the experimental platform. Based on the analysis of various factors affecting the measurement of 3D laser scanning, the scanning distance, The effect of different error sources on the accuracy of FARO Focus 3D X330 scanner is evaluated by experiments. Due to the limitation of the field of view of the 3D laser scanner and the large area of large steel structure building, etc. It is necessary to scan buildings by using 3D laser scanning technology, which is bound to involve the splicing of multi-station cloud, and the splicing of multi-station cloud will inevitably bring error transmission, resulting in the accumulation of errors. According to the point cloud splicing principle, this paper gives the corresponding calculation steps for the point cloud splicing error propagation, and deduces the point cloud splicing error propagation model. By designing a reasonable 3D laser scanning route to reduce the point cloud splicing error, a scheme of FARO Focus 3D X330 laser scanner is designed to monitor the deformation of the steel structure factory building, and the acquisition steps of point cloud data are described. Point cloud denoising, local coordinate transformation and point cloud splicing are realized by programming and FARO SCENE 3D laser scanning data processing software. Based on the point cloud slicing, a method based on coordinate migration of nodes on the axis is proposed to extract the deformation information of steel structure buildings, which reflects the deformation of the steel structure building by tilt ratio and offset direction. In addition, based on the NURBS surface modeling, By using the reverse engineering software Geomagic to model and analyze the bracing column of the steel structure powerhouse, different color values are used to represent the deformation in different regions, and the whole deformation information of the steel structure powerhouse bracing column is obtained.
【学位授予单位】：江西理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU196.1

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