内外之中间领域作为建筑界面的形式操作

发布时间：2018-05-05 06:24

本文选题：中间领域 + 界壳论　；参考：《重庆大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：近年来,在建筑形式创作领域,出现了一个“屡见不止”的新现象,即国家大剧院与国家体育馆所呈现的“内外两层皮”。然而,较之实践领域的百花齐放,囿于“空间作为建筑本质”的现代主义建筑思想,建筑形式的理论研究一直进展缓慢,“滞后”于当前蓬勃发展的形式创作实践。具体而言,无论是现代主义“形式追随功能”还是历史主义“功能追随形式”的既有形式理论,均只涉及或内或外的“一层皮”,无法系统全面地阐释“内外两层皮”的生成机制与设计方法。针对此问题,笔者以系统的角度来看待建筑,试图借鉴系统周界理论——界壳论,来重新认识“内外两层皮”在建筑系统中的作用,并以此建构它的形式设计方法论。所谓界壳,指“处在系统外围能卫护系统且与环境进行交换的中介体”。因而,界壳具有两大特点:其一,作为整体,是三元系统(环境——界壳——系里)的周界;其二,作为中介体,它有一定“厚度”,包括内表皮、外表皮以及两者之间的过渡区域。受此启发,笔者将建筑视为一个由“内、外空间与中间领域”所构成的三元系统,“既包括内外两层皮又包括两皮之间部分”的中间领域则是区分内外空间的建筑界面。这一理论假设的最大优势在于:将过往分而论之的“内外两层皮”统合到中间领域这一整体中,有利于克服既有形式理论只涉及中间领域某一部分的缺陷。因此,作为建筑界面的中间领域,为建筑形式创作提供了全新的认识视角,解决了中间领域的赋形问题,也就成功解决了实践创作中“内外两层皮”与形式理论相结合的问题。事实上,受20世纪五六十年代人本主义思潮的影响,“中间领域”曾一度成为阿尔多·凡·艾克“构型原则”中批判现代主义表皮建筑学的核心概念,也是罗伯特·文丘里“复杂建筑形式”的研究本体。然而,因中间领域“功能不定”与“类型多样”的不确定性,导致以确定性“类型”(功能追随形式)或确定性“功能”(形式追随功能)为逻辑支点的既有赋形方法失效。因此,如何借鉴界壳论的相关原理,重新认识中间领域的不确定性,建构中间领域的赋形方法,是本文的主要研究目的。具体而言,论文先后开展了“中间领域赋形问题”的认识论与方法论研究。第1、2章涉及界壳论视野下“赋形中间领域”的认识论研究,其主要内容包括“中间领域作为建筑界面”的理论假设以及中间领域形式操作的研究动态;第3章涉及界壳论视野下“赋形中间领域”的方法论研究,其主要内容包括:既有赋形理论的方法困境分析以及中间领域形式操作原理的建构;第4、5、6章涉及“赋形中间领域”的具体方法研究,其主要内容包括:基于操作原理的三种形式操作方法及与之对应的实证研究。论文核心结论之一:关于建筑界面形式生成的新认识论,即界壳论视野下中间领域的界面原型。界壳论所讨论的系统是由“环境(系统外部)——界壳(系统周界)——系里(系统内部)”所构成的三元系统。因此,与二元系统(环境—系统)的“零度”周界不同,界壳作为环境与系里之间的中介体,是具有一定“厚度”的周界。类比于界壳,在“外部——中间——内部”所构成的三元建筑系统中,作为建筑界面的中间领域是具有一定“厚度”的界面,其界面原型必然包括内表皮、外表皮以及两者之间的部分。与“一切都是内部,外部反映内部”的表皮比较,这一界面原型可灵活应对内与外的矛盾,“既解决建筑外部的问题又解决建筑内部的问题。”论文核心结论之二:关于建筑界面形式生成的新方法论,即中间领域形式操作原理的两个概念逻辑。借鉴界壳对环境与系里之间物量(物质、能量、信息)交换的调和作用,中间领域同样可以对内外空间关系起调和作用,即通过改变中间领域的界面形态达到适应内外空间关系变化的目的。反过来,这一启示隐含着一个新的形式操作原理:从某种“内外空间关系”推导出某种“中间领域界面类型”。这一操作原理的优势在于:“内外关系”与“中间”的二分,有利于将原本复杂的三元逻辑关系转化为两个相迭代的二元逻辑关系。具体而言,其一为“内”与“外”的二元关系逻辑,重在阐释内外空间关系的动态平衡原理;其二为从“关系”到“实体”的二元形态逻辑,重在获得符合某种内外空间关系的中间领域界面类型。上述操作原理的理论意义在于:中间领域的界面类型不仅是一种“显性”的实体,还反映了“隐性”的内外空间关系。(见下表)R:内外空间关系;O:内部空间;I:外部空间;E:中间领域的界面类型;f(x):映射函数论文核心结论之三:关于建筑界面形式生成的新方法,即“涂黑、分解、层透”作为中间领域界面类型的操作方法。三种方法的获取,依据“操作原理→界面类型→操作方法”的推演路径。第一阶段为“操作原理→界面类型”的推演,即将“对立”、“连续”、“透明”三种内外空间关系作为操作动因代入操作原理,得到与之对应的三种中间领域界面类型——类型1:表现内外对立、轮廓清晰的厚墙;类型2:表现内外连续、转角消隐的檐廊;类型3:表现内外透明、开口深浅的夹隙。第二阶段为“界面类型→操作方法”的推演,即以上述三种界面类型作为操作目标,分别与中间领域界面原型做形态比较,获得将原型转化为类型的三种操作方法。综合比对上述研究结论与过往研究,论文有如下一些创新见解:1)“有之以为利,无之以为用”常用于阐释形式之“有”与空间之“无”的辩证关系。然而,本文所建构的形式操作原理不囿于“有之以为利”的成见,也强调“有之以为用”,即中间领域的界面形态具有调节内外空间关系的作用。这一新认识有助于改变“形式”在功能主义与历史主义建筑理论中的从属地位,提升形式自身在设计方法中的“主动性”;2)“中间领域作为建筑界面”的形式概念,强调具有一定的“厚度”的建筑界面。它既不是单一的外部量体界面,也不是单一的内部空间界面,而是一种双重性界面。这一新视角,有助于改变将“功能与形式高度统一的表皮作为建筑界面”的旧视角,为阐释当代建筑形式复杂性与矛盾性提供理论依据;3)“关系→类型→评价→方法”是一套完整的方法研究逻辑,它不仅为操作方法设定了明确的操作动因(内外空间关系)、操作目标(中间领域界面类型),更是为方法奠定了美学评价标准。某种程度上,这一总体研究有助于缓解形式美学与形式设计相分离的状态,提升建筑形式创作的“人文品质”。
[Abstract]:In recent years, there has been a new phenomenon in the field of architectural form creation, that is, the "internal and external two layers" of the National Grand Theater and the National Gymnasium. However, more than a hundred flowers in the field of practice have come together, the theoretical research of the architectural form has been progressed because of the "space as the essence of architecture". Slow, "lag" in the current vigorous development of the form of creative practice. In particular, whether it is the form theory of modernism "form following function" or historical "functional following form", it is only involved in or inside or outside the "one layer skin", and can not systematically and comprehensively explain the formation mechanism and design of the "inner and outer two layers". Method. In view of this problem, the author looks at the architecture from a systematic perspective, trying to learn from the theory of the perimeter of the system - shell theory, to re understand the role of the "inner and outer two layers" in the building system, and to construct its formal design methodology. As a result, the shell has two characteristics: one, as a whole, is the perimeter of the three element system (environment - the shell - in the system); secondly, as an intermediary, it has a certain "thickness", including the inner epidermis, the outer skin and the transition zone between the two. The three yuan system, which is composed of domain, includes both inner and outer two layers and two skin parts, which is the architectural interface to distinguish inside and outside space. The greatest advantage of this theory is that the integration of the "inside and outside two layers" of the past divided into the middle field is beneficial to overcome the existing form theory. It involves only a part of the middle field. Therefore, as the middle field of the architectural interface, it provides a new perspective for the creation of the architectural form, solves the problem of the form of the middle field, and has successfully solved the problem of combining the theory of "internal and external two layers" with the form theory in practice. In fact, it is subject to the fifty or sixty year of twentieth Century. In the influence of the ideological trend of humanism, the "middle field" once became the core concept of Aldo Van Ike's "configuration principle" to criticize the modernist architecture of epidermis, and is also the research noumenon of Robert Venturi's "complex architectural form". However, the uncertainty of "function indeterminacy" and "type diversity" in the middle field, In this paper, the main purpose of this paper is to learn from the relevant principles of the theory of the shell theory, to re understand the uncertainty in the middle field and to construct the form of the middle domain. The thesis has carried out the study of epistemology and methodology in the "middle domain form problem". Chapter 1,2 deals with the epistemological study of "the middle field of Fu shaped middle" from the view of the shell theory. The main contents include the theoretical hypothesis of "the intermediate field as the architectural interface" and the research trends of the middle domain form operation; the third chapter deals with the theory of the shell theory. In the field of vision, the methodology of "the middle domain of the form of Fu" is studied. The main contents include the analysis of the method predicament and the construction of the operation principle of the form in the middle field. Chapter 4,5,6 deals with the specific methods of "the middle domain of the form of Fu". The main contents include the three forms of operation based on the principle of operation and its application. One of the core conclusions of the paper: the new epistemology of the formation of the form of the architectural interface, that is, the interface prototype in the middle field under the view of the boundary shell theory. The system discussed by the shell theory is a three element system composed of "environment (external) - the outer shell (system perimeter) - in the system (internal system)". Therefore, the system is with the two yuan system. The "zero" perimeter of the system (environment system) is different. As the intermediary between the environment and the system, the shell is a perimeter with a certain "thickness". It is analogous to the shell and in the three yuan construction system composed of "external - middle". As the middle field of the building interface, the interface has a certain "thickness" interface, its interface The prototype must include the inner skin, the outer skin and the part of the two. Compared with the epidermis of "everything is internal and external," the prototype can flexibly cope with the internal and external contradictions, "solve the external problems of the building and solve the internal problems of the building." the core conclusion of the paper is about the form birth of the building interface. The new methodology, which is the two conceptual logic of the operational principle of the intermediate domain form, is used for reference to the harmonic action of the boundary shell to the exchange of objects (material, energy and information) between the environment and the system. The intermediate domain can also play a harmonic role in the relationship between the internal and external space relations, that is, to adapt to the change of the internal and external space relations by changing the interface form between the middle and the middle fields. In turn, this revelation implies a new principle of formal operation: deriving some "intermediate domain interface type" from some "internal and external space relations". The advantage of this operation principle is that the two points of "internal and external" and "middle" are beneficial to converting the original complex three yuan logic into two phases. Two yuan logic relation. In particular, one is the two element relation logic of "inside" and "outside", and the principle of dynamic balance in explaining the relationship between internal and external space; the second is the two yuan form logic from "relation" to "entity", and the other is to obtain the interface type in the middle domain that conforms to some kind of internal and external space relations. The meaning lies in that the interface type in the middle field is not only a "explicit" entity, but also reflects the "hidden" internal and external space relations. (see table below) R: internal and external space relations; O: internal space; I: external space; the interface type of E: intermediate domain; f (x): the core conclusion of the mapping function paper three: a new method for the formation of the architectural interface form It is the operation method of "blackening, decomposition and layer penetration" as the interface type in the middle field. The acquisition of the three methods is based on the deduction path of "operation principle, interface type and operation method". The first stage is the deduction of "operation principle to interface type", and the three kinds of internal and external space relations are "opposites", "continuous" and "transparent". The operation principle is replaced by the operation principle, and the three kinds of intermediate interface types corresponding to it are obtained. Type 1: displays the thick and thick walls with internal and external opposites and the outline is clear; type 2: displays internal and external continuous, corner elimination eaves corridors; type 3: displays internal and external transparent, open shallow clips. The second stage is the deduction of "interface type to operation method". The above three types of interface types are used as the operating targets, and compared with the interface prototypes in the middle field, three kinds of operation methods are obtained to convert the prototype into type. The comprehensive comparison of the above research conclusions and the past studies has the following innovative views: 1) "there is a good idea and no use" is commonly used in the form of interpretation. However, the principle of formal operation in this paper is not limited to the stereotype of "think good", but also emphasizes that "it is used", that is, the interface form in the middle field has the function of regulating the inner and outer space relations. This new understanding helps to change the "form" in the functionalist and historical architecture. The subordinate position in the theory, the promotion of the "initiative" in the design method of the form itself; 2) the form concept of "the intermediate domain as the architectural interface", emphasizes a certain "thickness" of the architectural interface. It is neither a single external volume interface nor a single inner space interface, but a dual interface. The angle of view helps to change the old angle of view that the "function and the form highly unify the epidermis as the architectural interface", and provides the theoretical basis for explaining the complexity and contradiction of the contemporary architectural form. 3) "relationship, type, evaluation and method" is a complete set of method research logic, which not only sets clear operating motivation for the operation method ( The relationship between internal and external space), the objective of the operation (the type of interface in the middle field) has laid the aesthetic evaluation standard for the method. To some extent, this general study helps to alleviate the separation of formal aesthetics from the form design and improve the "humanistic quality" of the creation of the architectural form.

【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU201

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