既有老旧建筑地震灾害下易损性研究

发布时间：2018-05-07 23:14

本文选题：既有建筑易损性 + 震害特征　；参考：《沈阳建筑大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国城镇化水平不断提升,大量的人口涌入到城镇中来,这一现象促进了对我国既有老旧建筑的改造工程,对既有建筑的拆改过程中可能对既有建筑自身的结构产生一定的影响,如梁柱的拆改会改变结构传力路径,隔墙的拆改会导致结构刚度的改变。这一系列的变化会导致既有老旧建筑在地震灾害下的抗力受到影响。地震是地壳板块释放能量的自然现象,随着印度洋板块不断的北移挤压欧亚板块,未来在我国中西部地区发生高强度地震的风险仍然较高,对此我们需要保持高度的警惕。如何评估这一地区未来可能的地震对该地区生命线工程造成的损伤风险,进而避免人民生命财产的损失,一直就是个非常引起重视战略性课题。在地震灾害发生过后,建筑物的损害评估扮演重要的角色,影响人民居住安全,但这种评估方式都只仅限于震后的救灾,如何在灾害发生前就可以做出事先的灾害评估,甚至可以避免重大的损失,又会是另一种对地震灾害的思考方式,也就是地震危害损失评估。结构的易损性能研究实际上是基于性能的设计思想的重要一部分,是基于性能的设计思想的必然延续。利用地震风险性分析所得结果以及强震测站所得资料建立了我国中西部地区风险性概率反应谱,并考虑反应谱的频率内涵及随机相位角后采用编制的程序拟合产生了非稳态初始人工地震波,再通过与规范反应谱进行比较后将优化后的人工地震波作为结构损伤评估的外在输入。对钢筋混凝土框架结构的损伤参数进行了系统的总结,通过建立典型四层钢筋混凝土非延性和延性框架样本结构进行了动力非线性分析计算,通过将其它损伤参数与本文提出的建议易损性参数进行对比,证明了建议易损性参数完全可以较准确的反映出结构的实际损伤水平。对我国规范与目前重要的地震风险评估软件HAZUS2003系统关于建筑物的分类进行了比较,并列举出国外对钢筋混凝土结构进行损伤限值分级的物理描述以对应于层间位移角的限值损伤水平值,在此基础上本文提出了针对我国中西部地区的钢筋混凝土结构损伤水平定义表和限值损伤建议值。通过实地调查选取了我国中西部地区典型低层钢筋混凝土框架结构,在假设材料统计量、部分重力荷载服从正态概率分布的前提下,选取人工地震时程记录并结合一部分实际发生的代表性地震记录,运用动力时程方法对此类结构进行了详细的抗震性能和动力损伤计算分析并得到了该类型结构的分析易损性曲线。
[Abstract]:With the increasing level of urbanization in our country, a large number of people are pouring into cities and towns. This phenomenon has promoted the renovation of existing old buildings in our country. In the process of demolition and alteration of existing buildings, it may have a certain influence on the structure of existing buildings. For example, Liang Zhu's demolition and alteration will change the transmission path of the structure, and the demolition of partition walls will lead to the change of structural stiffness. This series of changes will affect the resistance of old buildings to earthquake disasters. Earthquake is a natural phenomenon of crustal plate releasing energy. With the Indian Ocean plate moving northward and squeezing the Eurasian plate, the risk of high intensity earthquakes in the central and western regions of China is still high in the future. How to evaluate the damage risk caused by the possible earthquake in this area and avoid the loss of people's life and property is always a strategic issue. After the earthquake disaster, the damage assessment of buildings plays an important role, affecting the people's living safety, but this kind of assessment is only limited to the post-earthquake disaster relief, how to make prior disaster assessment before the disaster occurs. Even can avoid the heavy loss, also can be another kind of thinking to the earthquake disaster, namely the earthquake damage loss assessment. The study of structural vulnerability is in fact an important part of performance-based design and an inevitable continuation of performance-based design. Based on the results of seismic risk analysis and the data obtained from strong seismic stations, the probability response spectrum of risk in the central and western regions of China is established. Considering the frequency connotation of the response spectrum and the random phase angle, the unsteady initial artificial seismic wave is generated by the program fitting. The optimized artificial seismic wave is used as the external input of structural damage assessment by comparing with the normative response spectrum. The damage parameters of reinforced concrete frame structures are systematically summarized, and the dynamic nonlinear analysis of typical four-story reinforced concrete non-ductile and ductile frame structures is carried out. By comparing the other damage parameters with the suggested vulnerability parameters, it is proved that the suggested vulnerability parameters can accurately reflect the actual damage level of the structure. In this paper, the classification of buildings is compared between the code of our country and HAZUS2003 system, which is an important software for earthquake risk assessment. At the same time, the physical description of the damage limit classification for reinforced concrete structures in foreign countries is given to correspond to the damage level values corresponding to the interstory displacement angle. On this basis, the paper puts forward the damage level definition table and limit damage suggestion value of reinforced concrete structures in the central and western regions of China. Through field investigation, the typical low-rise reinforced concrete frame structures in the central and western regions of China are selected. Under the assumption of material statistics and partial gravity load distribution from normal probability, The time history records of artificial earthquakes and some representative seismic records that actually occur are selected. The dynamic time history method is used to calculate and analyze the seismic behavior and dynamic damage of this kind of structure in detail, and the analytical vulnerability curve of this kind of structure is obtained.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU311.3

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