不同高大空间建筑气流组织设计优化研究

发布时间：2018-07-03 11:35

本文选题：高大空间建筑 + 气流组织　；参考：《重庆大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：实际工程中,高大空间建筑的通风空调气流组织方案有多种形式。其中,运用较多的形式有上送下回的全室空调方案和中部侧送风的分层空调方案。实际工程中,对上述两种气流组织方式而言,还存在着设计方法复杂、不便于工程应用,实际气流组织效果不理想、能耗偏高等实际问题。为此,针对实际工程中常用的高大空间建筑通风空调气流组织方式,开展设计方法、设计方案优化的研究,具有重要的工程实际应用价值,研究成果对工程设计具有一定的指导意义。首先,论文针对全室空调和分层空调的气流组织工程计算方法,通过参数无量纲化处理,对计算公式进行简化变形;运用简化后的计算方法,绘制出两种空调气流组织方式下的冬、夏季计算图表,为实际工程应用提供设计参考。同时,以重庆某高大空间建筑为例,通过对分层空调气流组织方式的节能率计算分析,发现:当相对分层高度θ0.5时,节能率在9.0%—10.2%,节能率小于10%;当相对分层高度θ≤0.5时,节能率在12.6—18.9%,节能率大于10%,分层空调节能效果显著。因此在分层空调设计中,应尽可能将相对分层高度控制在0.5以下。然后,论文根据不同高大空间建筑的负荷构成及分布特点,提出“负荷物理特征”的概念;针对不同功能高大空间建筑的实际负荷特征,将高大空间建筑分为三种类型并指出其典型“负荷物理特征”。通过对三种具有典型“负荷物理特征”高大空间建筑的不同气流组织形式CFD数值模拟对比分析,得到了适宜于此三种高大空间建筑的气流组织形式:(1)“负荷物理特征”为块热源的高大空间建筑(以“机械加工厂”为例)应优先选择中送下回分层空调方式;(2)“负荷物理特征”为水平面热源的高大空间建筑(以“报告厅”为例)适宜选择上送下回全室空调方式;(3)“负荷物理特征”为垂直面热源的高大空间建筑(以“中庭”为例)选择中送下回分层空调方式,可以同时兼顾舒适性和节能性。最后,文章以实际工程中两个典型“负荷物理特征”的高大空间建筑为研究对象,利用CFD数值模拟软件对建筑内空调气流组织设计参数优化进行进一步模拟分析。通过数值模拟结果对比分析,得到以下结论:上送下回全室空调方式的送风口数量改变对工作区平均温度的影响较小,但工作区平均速度的变化会随送风口个数的增加而明显减小,并且送风口个数的增加对工作区温度场和速度场的均匀性都有很大的提升,所以在设计送风速度满足条件的前提下,应保证有一定数量的送风口数量;当分层空调两侧送风口上下交错布置时,可以有效降低送风射流之间的碰撞强度,从而减轻了送风射流对上部非空调区气体的扰动和送风冷量的浪费,对提高分层空调的节能效果有很大的帮助。
[Abstract]:In the actual project, there are various forms of air and air flow organization scheme for large space buildings. Among them, there are many forms of air conditioning and air conditioning in the middle and side air supply. In practical engineering, the design method is complex for the two airflow patterns above, and it is not convenient for engineering application. The effect of air flow organization is not ideal and the energy consumption is high. For this reason, the research on design method and design optimization for the ventilation and air conditioning system of large space buildings in practical engineering has important practical application value. In view of the airflow organization engineering calculation method of all room air conditioning and stratified air conditioning, the calculation formula is simplified by the dimensionless processing of parameters. Using the simplified calculation method, the paper draws two kinds of air-condition air organization mode in winter and summer calculation chart, which provides the design reference for practical engineering application. At the same time, a certain height in Chongqing is given. As an example of space building, it is found that the energy saving rate is 9% to 10.2%, and the energy saving rate is less than 10% when the relative stratified height is theta 0.5. When the relative stratified height of theta is less than 0.5, the energy saving rate is 12.6 to 18.9%, the energy saving rate is greater than 10%, and the layered air conditioning has a remarkable energy saving effect. Therefore, the layered air conditioning is designed to save energy. The relative stratification height should be controlled below 0.5 as much as possible. Then, according to the load composition and distribution characteristics of different tall space buildings, the concept of "physical characteristics of load" is proposed. In view of the actual load characteristics of large space buildings with different functions, the tall space buildings are divided into three types and their typical "load objects" are pointed out. By comparing and analyzing the numerical simulation of three kinds of large space buildings with typical "load physical characteristics", the airflow organization forms suitable for the three tall space buildings are obtained: (1) the large space building with "physical characteristics of load" as a block of heat source (as an example of "mechanical processing plant") should be taken as an example. 2) the high space building with the "load physical characteristics" as the horizontal heat source ("the report hall") is suitable for choosing the air conditioning system for the upper and lower return. (3) the large space building with the physical characteristics of the load as the vertical heat source (with the "atrium" as an example) to choose and lower the stratified air conditioning At the same time, both comfort and energy saving can be taken into account. Finally, the paper takes two typical "load physical characteristics" in the actual project as the research object, and uses the CFD numerical simulation software to further simulate and analyze the design parameters optimization of air conditioning air flow in the building. The following conclusions are as follows: the change of the number of air outlet in the way of air conditioning in the upper and lower returns is less, but the change of the average speed of the working area decreases with the increase of the number of the air inlet, and the increase of the number of the air outlet has a great improvement on the uniformity of the temperature field and velocity field in the working area, so the design is designed. Under the condition of feeding air speed, a certain number of air outlet should be guaranteed. When the air outlet is arranged on both sides of the air conditioner, the impact strength between the air supply and the air flow can be reduced effectively, thus reducing the disturbance of the air flow and the waste of air cooling in the upper non air conditioning area, and improving the section of the stratified air conditioning. It helps a lot.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU834.31

【共引文献】