基于视线的江南私家园林空间量化研究

发布时间：2018-07-05 05:49

本文选题：拙政园 + 留园　；参考：《福建农林大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：中国传统园林具有深厚的文化底蕴,折射出古朴天然、宁静致远的设计哲学。关于中国传统园林的研究较多的集中于建筑、艺术、园林、美学、文学方面,以定性研究为主,较少涉及定量的研究。这使得我们在感受传统园林博大精深的同时,缺乏继承与弘扬传统的清晰尺度。量化研究的思路,建立了传统审美与设计尺度的关系,使传统园林的设计手法更为直接、明确的呈现在我们面前。本文以拙政园、留园、网师园三个私家园林为例,分析园林中静态视线与动态路径的设计手法,建立传统园林理法与现代景观设计之间的尺度关系。首先,通过文献阅读,梳理空间量化的理论成果,分析江南私家园林的造园理法,着重介绍了拙政园、留园、网师园的园林空间布局和特点。其次,研究江南私家园林的静态视线。通过问卷调查确定私家园林空间中的主要视点,并分析视点周边的视线组织。静态视线包括：视点、视距、视域。视点包括基面、高程、主视方向。江南私家园林中,基面或平地临水,或山地望水,或跨水立基；高程或平视,或仰视；主视方向涉及直线、扇形、圆周三种模式。江南私家园林中,视距具有梯度特征,20米以内为静观,景物细节清晰可见,20-40米为中观,景物造型与色彩历历在目,40米以上为远观,景物轮廓尚能辨别。视距具有线性分割特征,观赏视线上1：1、1：(2-4)、1：6、3：4等视点位置的差异,将产生不同视觉效果。视域具有梯度,分为20至60。的狭窄视域,60。至100。的普通视域,100。至160。的广角视域。第三,研究江南私家园林的动态视线。动态路径以站点为基础,通过路径和景面的变化,营造步移景异的效果。路径间距以15米为适宜值,8-15米为短距离、15-25米为中距离、25-35米为长距离。景面对路径的围合,形成或开敞、或封闭的空间。江南私家园林中,或以底平面构成开敞空间、或以底平面和顶平面构成覆盖空间,或以底平面和侧平面构成通廊式、半围合式空间。园林中步移景异的效果,就是通过路径空间的变化实现的。本文以量化研究为基础,分析传统园林中静态视线和动态视线的尺度关系,其关于静态视线、视距、视域和动态路径间距、景面围合的结论,对现代风景园林设计具有借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:Chinese traditional gardens have profound cultural heritage, reflecting the ancient natural, quiet and distant design philosophy. The researches on Chinese traditional gardens are mainly focused on architecture, art, garden, aesthetics and literature. This makes us feel the traditional garden broad and profound at the same time, lack of inheritance and carry forward the clear scale of tradition. The idea of quantitative research has established the relationship between traditional aesthetics and design scale, which makes the design method of traditional garden more direct and clear in front of us. Taking three private gardens as examples, this paper analyzes the design methods of static line of sight and dynamic path in gardens, and establishes the scale relationship between traditional garden theory and modern landscape design. First of all, through the literature reading, combing the theoretical achievements of spatial quantification, this paper analyzes the garden theory of Jiangnan private garden, and emphatically introduces the layout and characteristics of the garden space of the botched political garden, the retention garden and the network teacher garden. Secondly, the static line of sight of Jiangnan private garden is studied. The main points of view in private garden space were determined by questionnaire, and the line of sight organization around the view was analyzed. Static line of sight includes: viewpoint, visual distance, visual field. The viewpoint includes the base plane, elevation, and principal direction. In the Jiangnan private garden, the base surface or the flat ground is facing the water, or the mountain area looks at the water, or the crossing water foundation; the elevation or the level, or the elevation; the main visual direction involves the straight line, the fan shape, the circumference three kinds of patterns. In the private gardens of Jiangnan, the visual distance is within 20 meters with gradient characteristics, the details of the scenery can be clearly seen in the middle view of 20-40 meters, the shape and color of the scene are visible in the distance above 40 meters, and the outline of the scene can still be distinguished. The line-of-sight has the characteristic of linear segmentation. The visual effect will be different from that of 1: 1: 1: (2-4) 1: 6: 3: 4. The field of view has a gradient of 20 to 60. A narrow view of 60. To 100. The general horizon is 100. To one hundred and sixteen. A wide angle of view. Third, study the dynamic line of sight of Jiangnan private garden. The dynamic path is based on the site, and through the change of the path and the scene, the effect of moving the scene is different. The distance between 15 m and 15 m is 8-15 m for short distance, 15-25 m for middle distance and 25-35 m for long distance. The view is surrounded by the path, forming or opening, or enclosed space. In Jiangnan private gardens, the open space is formed by the bottom plane, the overlay space is formed by the bottom plane and the top plane, or the corridor space is formed by the bottom plane and the side plane, and the semi-enclosed space is formed. The effect of moving scenery differently in garden is realized by the change of path space. On the basis of quantitative research, this paper analyzes the scale relationship between static and dynamic line of sight in traditional gardens, and its conclusions on static sight, visual distance, horizon and dynamic path spacing, landscape enclosure, etc. It has reference significance to modern landscape architecture design.
【学位授予单位】：福建农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU986

【相似文献】