黄水管道结垢特性分析及源分离排水系统构建研究
发布时间：2018-07-13 10:51
【摘要】：源分离排水系统是构建未来可持续型城市排水系统的一种重要选择,但这种新型排水方式在使用过程中暴露出了一个制约其推广使用的瓶颈问题——黄水收集管道的结垢问题。本文针对这一问题,对清华大学中意环境节能楼的源分离系统管道结垢问题进行了分析,研究了静态条件下不同冲洗水量、冲洗水质及脲酶投加量对黄水管道结垢特性的影响,考察了不同的钙、镁、磷酸盐及尿素浓度在冲水条件下对挂片结垢量和挂垢率的影响。基于以上研究,编制了源分离排水系统的设计指南,研发了新型的源分离式便器,并对实施的工程进行了分析。源分离式便器错误使用所引起的卫生问题、便器的使用舒适度差、黄水收集管道结垢堵塞是环境节能楼源分离排水系统在运行使用中存在的几个问题,通过X射线衍射仪对晶垢的分析表明:其主要成分是鸟粪石、碳酸钙及羟基磷酸钙。静态条件下不同因素对于黄水收集管道结垢特性影响的结果表明:随着冲洗水强度的增强,聚氯乙烯(PVC)管件(De50,L=80cm)的结垢量从0.24g逐渐降低至0.02g;随冲洗水量的增大单位纯尿液在管件上的结垢量从1.59g/L逐渐增大至2.78g/L;自来水、再生水、雨水分别作为冲洗水时,雨水的结垢量最小,为0.15g,说明使用雨水作为冲洗水可以明显削减管道结垢量。脲酶投加量越大,即氨化率越高,结垢量越大。冲水条件下不同因素对于黄水收集管道结垢特性影响的结果表明:Ca2+、Mg2+的浓度对挂垢率有显著的影响,但表现出相反的趋势,溶液中仅存在Mg2+时,挂垢率最低,为48%,溶液中仅存在Ca2+时,挂垢率最高,为70%,溶液中同时存在这两种离子时,随着Ca2+浓度的升高,挂垢率逐渐增大,随着Mg2+浓度升高反而降低,PO43-浓度和尿素浓度对挂垢率影响不大。Ca2+、Mg2+、PO43-浓度越高,结垢量越大,而正常黄水中PO43-较Ca2+、Mg2+的浓度而言是过量的;尿素浓度对结垢量影响不是很大,但其水解是发生成垢反应的必要条件。晶垢的成分主要是鸟粪石、二水合磷酸氢钙及羟基磷酸钙。编制的《源分离排水系统设计指南建议稿》对黄水量的计算、黄水收集管道的管径、坡度、充满度、通气管方式等的设计参数进行了说明。通过对宜兴实验小学城东分校源分离排水系统的设计和实施,验证了指南的可行性,为今后源分离排水系统的推广奠定了良好基础。
[Abstract]:The source separation drainage system is an important choice to construct a sustainable urban drainage system in the future. However, this new type of drainage system has exposed a bottleneck problem that restricts its popularization and use-the scaling problem of the yellow water collection pipeline. In order to solve this problem, this paper analyzes the fouling problem of the source separation system in the environment energy saving building of Tsinghua University, and studies the effects of different washing water quantity, washing water quality and the amount of urease on the scaling characteristics of yellow water pipeline under static conditions. The effects of different concentrations of calcium, magnesium, phosphate and urea on the fouling amount and fouling rate were investigated. Based on the above research, the design guide of the source separation and drainage system is worked out, a new type of source separation toilet is developed, and the implementation of the project is analyzed. The sanitary problems caused by the wrong use of the source separation toilet, the poor comfort of the toilet and the fouling and blockage of the yellow water collection pipeline are several problems existing in the operation and use of the source separation drainage system of the environmental energy saving building. The analysis of crystal scale by X-ray diffractometer shows that the main components are guano, calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxyl phosphate. The effect of different factors on the scaling characteristics of yellow water collection pipeline under static condition shows that: with the increase of washing water intensity, The fouling amount of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe fittings decreased gradually from 0.24g to 0.02g; with the increase of washing water, the fouling amount per unit of pure urine increased from 1.59g / L to 2.78g / L; when tap water, reclaimed water and Rain Water were used as flushing water, Rain Water had the smallest fouling amount. 0.15g, which shows that using Rain Water as flushing water can obviously reduce the amount of fouling in the pipe. The higher the amount of urease is, the higher the ammoniation rate is, and the larger the scale is. The effect of different factors on the scaling characteristics of yellow water collection pipeline under flushing condition shows that the concentration of Ca 2 + mg 2 has a significant effect on the scaling rate, but it shows the opposite trend. When mg 2 exists only in the solution, the fouling rate is the lowest. When there is only Ca 2 in the solution, the fouling rate is the highest (70%). When the two kinds of ions exist simultaneously in the solution, the scaling rate increases with the increase of Ca 2 concentration. With the increase of Mg2 concentration, however, the decrease of PO43- concentration and urea concentration have little effect on the scaling rate. The higher the concentration of Ca 2 + mg 2 +, the larger the scaling amount, but the more PO43- is more than the Ca 2 + mg 2 concentration in normal yellow water, the less the effect of urea concentration is on the scale formation. However, hydrolysis is a necessary condition for scaling reaction. The major components of crystal scale are guano, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate and calcium hydroxyl phosphate. The proposal for the Design Guide for Source Separation and drainage system was compiled to explain the calculation of yellow water quantity, the design parameters of pipe diameter, slope, fullness, and ventilation way of yellow water collection pipeline. Through the design and implementation of the source separation drainage system at Chengdong Branch of Yixing Experimental Primary School, the feasibility of the guide is verified, which lays a good foundation for the popularization of the source separation drainage system in the future.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU992.4
本文编号：2119107
[Abstract]:The source separation drainage system is an important choice to construct a sustainable urban drainage system in the future. However, this new type of drainage system has exposed a bottleneck problem that restricts its popularization and use-the scaling problem of the yellow water collection pipeline. In order to solve this problem, this paper analyzes the fouling problem of the source separation system in the environment energy saving building of Tsinghua University, and studies the effects of different washing water quantity, washing water quality and the amount of urease on the scaling characteristics of yellow water pipeline under static conditions. The effects of different concentrations of calcium, magnesium, phosphate and urea on the fouling amount and fouling rate were investigated. Based on the above research, the design guide of the source separation and drainage system is worked out, a new type of source separation toilet is developed, and the implementation of the project is analyzed. The sanitary problems caused by the wrong use of the source separation toilet, the poor comfort of the toilet and the fouling and blockage of the yellow water collection pipeline are several problems existing in the operation and use of the source separation drainage system of the environmental energy saving building. The analysis of crystal scale by X-ray diffractometer shows that the main components are guano, calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxyl phosphate. The effect of different factors on the scaling characteristics of yellow water collection pipeline under static condition shows that: with the increase of washing water intensity, The fouling amount of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe fittings decreased gradually from 0.24g to 0.02g; with the increase of washing water, the fouling amount per unit of pure urine increased from 1.59g / L to 2.78g / L; when tap water, reclaimed water and Rain Water were used as flushing water, Rain Water had the smallest fouling amount. 0.15g, which shows that using Rain Water as flushing water can obviously reduce the amount of fouling in the pipe. The higher the amount of urease is, the higher the ammoniation rate is, and the larger the scale is. The effect of different factors on the scaling characteristics of yellow water collection pipeline under flushing condition shows that the concentration of Ca 2 + mg 2 has a significant effect on the scaling rate, but it shows the opposite trend. When mg 2 exists only in the solution, the fouling rate is the lowest. When there is only Ca 2 in the solution, the fouling rate is the highest (70%). When the two kinds of ions exist simultaneously in the solution, the scaling rate increases with the increase of Ca 2 concentration. With the increase of Mg2 concentration, however, the decrease of PO43- concentration and urea concentration have little effect on the scaling rate. The higher the concentration of Ca 2 + mg 2 +, the larger the scaling amount, but the more PO43- is more than the Ca 2 + mg 2 concentration in normal yellow water, the less the effect of urea concentration is on the scale formation. However, hydrolysis is a necessary condition for scaling reaction. The major components of crystal scale are guano, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate and calcium hydroxyl phosphate. The proposal for the Design Guide for Source Separation and drainage system was compiled to explain the calculation of yellow water quantity, the design parameters of pipe diameter, slope, fullness, and ventilation way of yellow water collection pipeline. Through the design and implementation of the source separation drainage system at Chengdong Branch of Yixing Experimental Primary School, the feasibility of the guide is verified, which lays a good foundation for the popularization of the source separation drainage system in the future.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU992.4
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