西安市主城区通风环境数值建模及分析

发布时间：2018-07-20 09:19

【摘要】：近年来,我国的城镇化速度加快,城市人口持续增长,建设用地不断扩大,城市土地资源短缺的问题日渐突出。城市新建建筑开始呈现两种趋势:一是建筑高度不断增加;二是建筑密度不断增大。大量的高层建筑及密集的建筑群给城市的通风环境带来了巨大的挑战。城市通风环境在很大程度上影响了城市居民的生活品质。通风环境的优劣直接地影响着城市空气的更新速度,排出空气污染物及缓解城市热岛的能力。现有的单一建筑及小范围建筑群的数值模型已经不能反映城市整体通风环境,建立城市尺度的模型势在必行。本文首先从西安市的地理环境、自然气候、建筑分布及道路网结构形式进行论述分析,阐述了西安市的城市通风条件现状。在此基础上,基于Google地图和街景地图等互联网工具,在占用较少的资源的情况下,以真实比例尺寸对西安市绕城高速以内主城区建筑、道路等建立了城市尺度的几何模型,并建立城市风环境数值仿真模型。在夏季主导风EN风向和冬季主导风ENE风向等不同风向、风速的三种工况下,分别对西安市风环境进行数值计算,并对计算结果从风速、压力、温度及通风量等四个方面进行分析。最后,根据本课题所研究的结果,对城市通风的改善作出一些建议:尽量控制十字路口的建筑高度,在条件允许的情况下使拐角处的建筑呈“倒角状”布局,如西安钟楼盘道周围拐角处钟楼饭店、开元商城及钟楼邮局等建筑布置,以减小气流向垂直方向流通的阻力;对区域进行规划时,结合主导风向建立通风廊道,控制通风廊道两侧建筑的密度和高度,使城市郊区的风能更好的向市区中心及主导风向下游的区域流通;城市住宅小区的人员密度较大,在小区规划时,应对住宅小区内的高层建筑合理布局,优化区域风环境,避免形成负压区,导致空气质量下降。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the speed of urbanization in China has accelerated, the urban population continues to increase, the construction land is expanding, and the problem of urban land shortage is becoming more and more prominent. The new urban buildings are beginning to present two trends: one is the increasing height of the building, and the two is the increasing density of the building. The wind environment has brought great challenges. The urban ventilation environment affects the quality of life of urban residents to a great extent. The ventilation environment has a direct impact on the speed of urban air renewal, the discharge of air pollutants and the ability to alleviate the urban heat island. The numerical model of the existing single and small range buildings can not be reversed. It is imperative to reflect the overall ventilation environment of the city and establish the model of urban scale. Firstly, this paper analyzes the geographical environment, natural climate, building distribution and road network structure in Xi'an, and expounds the current situation of Urban Ventilation in Xi'an. On this basis, it is based on the Internet tools such as Google map and street view map and so on. In the case of less resources, a geometric model of urban scale is established by the real proportion of the main urban district buildings and roads in Xi'an City, and the numerical simulation model of the urban wind environment is set up. In the three conditions of the wind direction of the dominant wind in summer and the wind direction of the leading wind ENE wind in the summer, and the wind speed in the three working conditions, the Xi'an wind is carried out respectively. The numerical calculation of the environment is carried out, and the results are analyzed from four aspects of wind speed, pressure, temperature and ventilation. Finally, some suggestions are made on the improvement of Urban Ventilation according to the results studied in this subject: to control the building height of the intersection as far as possible and to make the building in the corner "chamfered" under the condition of conditions allowed. The Bureau, such as the Jerusalem Tower Hotel, the Kaiyuan merchant city and the bell tower post office around the corner of the Xi'an bell tower, is designed to reduce the resistance to the flow of gas to the vertical direction. In the planning of the region, the ventilation corridor is set up in combination with the leading wind direction to control the density and height of the buildings on both sides of the ventilation corridor, so that the wind energy in the suburbs is better in the urban area. In the urban residential district, the population density of the urban residential district is large. In the planning of the residential district, the rational layout of the high-rise buildings in the residential district should be properly arranged, the regional wind environment is optimized and the negative pressure area is avoided, which leads to the decline of the air quality.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU984;TU119

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