西安市园林绿化工程造价控制的应用研究
发布时间：2018-08-25 17:36
【摘要】：工程造价编制是工程建设的主线,以计划投资为起点、以确定工程费用为目标、形成申请和拨付工程款项的款项往来脉络,贯穿在工程建设始终。园林绿化工程具有投资额度小、季节要求严格、“短平快”等特点,建设方经常通过自行选定施工单位或者以议标的方式来签订合同。但在结算时会产生估算超过概算、预算超过概算、结算超过预算、低价中标高价结算等情况,甚至出现造价“黑洞”[1]。这些均对提高工程建设的投资效益不利,对工程施工的成本控制不利,对建设行业的市场竞争不利。只有通过进一步推行工程造价咨询制度[2],完善园林绿化行业招投标工作,加强工程项目造价管理与控制,才能有效解决此问题。西安市园林绿化工程实施中,经常注重于控制工程施工时的造价,而对工程前期及其工程后期的造价控制关心不够,形成了造价控制不力的现象。针对这种普遍情况,本文总结出在园林绿化工程各阶段、各环节工程造价控制的要素和重点,尤其是对园林绿化工程影响大的前期工作即投资决策和设计阶段,本文运用较大篇幅提出了具有针对性的控制措施。同时对工程后期阶段的决算控制也进行了讨论。园林绿化工程造价控制是一个环环相扣、循序渐进的过程,需要投资方、建设方、施工方、监理方及第三方造价咨询等各个方面齐抓共管共同努力,使园林绿化工程建设中的人、材、机等资源得到有效利用,减少工程造价,节约工程投资成本,从而最大限度提升工程的经济效益和社会效益,提高园林绿化行业的整体管理水平,促进园林绿化行业的良性经济发展。本文首先阐述了工程造价相关概念,对工程造价的作用和重要意义提出自己的看法;其次,阐述园林绿化工程造价与众不同的特质;之后,通过对西安市园林绿化行业发展状况的分析,揭示了西安市园林绿化工程造价控制的现状及存在的主要问题;在此基础上,结合文景山公园工程的设计方案及设计概算,详细论述了园林绿化工程造价在各主要阶段的控制重点及相应的措施及方法;最后对本文进行了总结,希望本文成果成功运用于园林绿化工程造价控制的实践中,促使园林绿化建设更健康发展。
[Abstract]:The compilation of project cost is the main line of engineering construction. Taking planning investment as the starting point and determining the project cost as the goal, the project cost establishment forms the flow of application and appropriation of the project funds, which runs through the construction of the project from beginning to end. The landscaping project has the characteristics of small investment, strict seasonal requirement and "short, flat and fast", etc. The construction party often signs the contract by selecting the construction unit by itself or by negotiating the bid. However, when settlement occurs, estimates exceed budget estimates, budgets exceed budget estimates, settlement exceeds budget, low prices win bids and high prices settle, and even a "black hole" occurs in cost [1]. All of these are disadvantageous to the improvement of investment benefit of engineering construction, to the cost control of engineering construction and to the market competition of construction industry. Only by further carrying out the engineering cost consultation system [2], perfecting the bidding and bidding work of the landscaping industry, and strengthening the management and control of the project cost, can the problem be solved effectively. In the implementation of garden greening project in Xi'an city, it is often paid attention to control the construction cost of the project, but not enough attention is paid to the cost control in the early stage of the project and the later stage of the project, which has formed the phenomenon that the cost control is weak. In view of this general situation, this paper summarizes the elements and key points of cost control in each stage of landscaping engineering, especially in the early stage of investment decision-making and design stage, which has a great impact on landscape engineering. In this paper, the author puts forward some relevant control measures. At the same time, the final accounting control in the late stage of the project is also discussed. The cost control of landscaping project is an interlocking and gradual process, which requires the joint efforts of the investors, the construction side, the supervision side and the third party cost consultation, etc. To make effective use of resources such as people, materials and machines in the construction of landscaping projects, to reduce the project cost, to save the cost of engineering investment, and thus to maximize the economic and social benefits of the project, Improve the whole management level of the garden greening industry, promote the benign economic development of the garden greening industry. This article first elaborated the engineering cost related concept, proposed own view to the project cost function and the important significance; secondly, elaborated the garden afforestation project cost unusual characteristic; after, Based on the analysis of the development situation of landscape greening industry in Xi'an, the paper reveals the current situation and main problems of cost control of landscape engineering in Xi'an, and combines the design scheme and design estimate of Wenjingshan Park Project. This paper discusses in detail the key points and corresponding measures and methods of the cost control of landscaping engineering in each main stage, and finally summarizes the results of this paper, hoping that the results of this paper can be successfully applied in the practice of cost control of garden greening projects. To promote the construction of green garden more healthy development.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU986.3;TU723.3
本文编号：2203609
[Abstract]:The compilation of project cost is the main line of engineering construction. Taking planning investment as the starting point and determining the project cost as the goal, the project cost establishment forms the flow of application and appropriation of the project funds, which runs through the construction of the project from beginning to end. The landscaping project has the characteristics of small investment, strict seasonal requirement and "short, flat and fast", etc. The construction party often signs the contract by selecting the construction unit by itself or by negotiating the bid. However, when settlement occurs, estimates exceed budget estimates, budgets exceed budget estimates, settlement exceeds budget, low prices win bids and high prices settle, and even a "black hole" occurs in cost [1]. All of these are disadvantageous to the improvement of investment benefit of engineering construction, to the cost control of engineering construction and to the market competition of construction industry. Only by further carrying out the engineering cost consultation system [2], perfecting the bidding and bidding work of the landscaping industry, and strengthening the management and control of the project cost, can the problem be solved effectively. In the implementation of garden greening project in Xi'an city, it is often paid attention to control the construction cost of the project, but not enough attention is paid to the cost control in the early stage of the project and the later stage of the project, which has formed the phenomenon that the cost control is weak. In view of this general situation, this paper summarizes the elements and key points of cost control in each stage of landscaping engineering, especially in the early stage of investment decision-making and design stage, which has a great impact on landscape engineering. In this paper, the author puts forward some relevant control measures. At the same time, the final accounting control in the late stage of the project is also discussed. The cost control of landscaping project is an interlocking and gradual process, which requires the joint efforts of the investors, the construction side, the supervision side and the third party cost consultation, etc. To make effective use of resources such as people, materials and machines in the construction of landscaping projects, to reduce the project cost, to save the cost of engineering investment, and thus to maximize the economic and social benefits of the project, Improve the whole management level of the garden greening industry, promote the benign economic development of the garden greening industry. This article first elaborated the engineering cost related concept, proposed own view to the project cost function and the important significance; secondly, elaborated the garden afforestation project cost unusual characteristic; after, Based on the analysis of the development situation of landscape greening industry in Xi'an, the paper reveals the current situation and main problems of cost control of landscape engineering in Xi'an, and combines the design scheme and design estimate of Wenjingshan Park Project. This paper discusses in detail the key points and corresponding measures and methods of the cost control of landscaping engineering in each main stage, and finally summarizes the results of this paper, hoping that the results of this paper can be successfully applied in the practice of cost control of garden greening projects. To promote the construction of green garden more healthy development.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU986.3;TU723.3
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