建筑服务系统集中与分散问题的定量分析方法研究

发布时间：2018-08-25 18:38

【摘要】：业内对于集中与分散方式的建筑服务系统存在较大争论。理论上“集中式”的建筑服务系统具有诸多优势,但大量实测案例表明,建筑服务系统集中化在实际运行中往往难以达到理想的预期。这些问题的本质原因是建筑的服务对象是多个彼此独立的建筑末端需求。当末端需求相互独立随机变化,需求不同步性较强时,就对旨在满足个体需求的集中调控方式提出了极大的挑战。因此,需求的不同步性特征对建筑服务系统的实际运行状况具有重要影响,需要深入认识需求的不同步性特征,揭示其作用于建筑服务系统的规律,从而才能在系统形式设计和设备选择以及运行调节中给予充分考虑。但目前的研究中针对需求不同步性方面的分析相对较少,特别是关于需求不同步程度的定量分析方面,还存在较大研究空间。为此,本研究提出了一套针对建筑末端需求不同步性的定量描述方法。建筑末端“质”、“量”需求的不同步性可以体现在“时间”、“空间”两个维度。本文将经济学上用于评价居民收入非均匀程度的洛伦兹曲线和基尼系数引入建筑服务系统需求不同步性的评价中。针对建筑服务系统不同步性的特征对该指标体系进行了相应的修正和调整,进而实现对需求不同步性的定量刻画和分析,并从单调性、显著性和一致性方面验证了该指标的有效性。从该定量分析方法出发,本文针对集中调节方式和分散调节方式这两种典型的建筑服务系统末端调节方式展开分析,定量给出了集中调节方式下,系统供应量的过量度与需求不同步性的关系,并探讨了分散调节方式下不同调节机制对需求不同步性的影响。通过不同步程度对空调系统末端供应量、输配损失及冷源效率的影响,定量说明了需求不同步性对建筑服务系统实际运行效果的作用关系。最后,通过几个工程案例介绍了该指标体系在实际问题中的应用情况。本研究的初步成果表明,该指标体系能够简单有效地将对需求不同步性的再现转变为定量化的指标来定量分析评价需求的不同步特征,从而分析需求的不同步程度对系统设计、运行的影响,进而为实际工程设计方案提供服务。以该定量分析方法为基础,将能够开展更多有价值的分析工作,推动我国建筑节能工作朝着基于末端实际需求特征出发的方向深入发展。
[Abstract]:The industry for the centralized and decentralized mode of building services system there is a greater debate. In theory, "centralized" architectural service system has many advantages, but a large number of practical cases show that the centralization of building service system is often difficult to achieve ideal expectations in actual operation. The essential reason of these problems is that the clients of architecture are independent of each other. When the terminal demand varies independently and randomly and the demand is different, it brings forward a great challenge to the centralized control mode to meet the individual demand. Therefore, the different characteristics of demand have an important impact on the actual operation of the construction service system. It is necessary to deeply understand the different characteristics of the demand and reveal the law of its action in the construction service system. Only then can the system form design, equipment selection and operation regulation be fully considered. However, there is relatively little analysis on the demand heterogeneity in the current research, especially on the quantitative analysis of the degree of non-synchronization of demand, and there is still much room for research. Therefore, this paper presents a quantitative description method for the different needs of the end of the building. The quality and quantity of the end of the building can be reflected in the two dimensions of time and space. In this paper, the Lorentz curve and the Gini coefficient, which are used to evaluate the non-uniformity of residents' income, are introduced into the evaluation of the different demand of the construction service system. The index system is modified and adjusted according to the different characteristics of the construction service system, and then the quantitative description and analysis of the heterogeneity of demand are realized, and the monotonicity of the index system is analyzed. The effectiveness of the index is verified in terms of significance and consistency. Based on the quantitative analysis method, this paper analyzes the two typical terminal adjustment modes of the construction service system, the centralized regulation mode and the decentralized regulation mode, and gives the centralized adjustment mode quantitatively. The relationship between the excess of system supply and the heterogeneity of demand is discussed, and the influence of different regulation mechanisms on the demand heterogeneity under decentralized regulation is discussed. Through the influence of the degree of non-synchronization on the terminal supply of air conditioning system, the loss of transmission and distribution and the efficiency of cold source, the effect of different demand on the actual operation effect of building service system is quantitatively explained. Finally, the application of the index system in practical problems is introduced through several engineering cases. The preliminary results of this study show that the index system can transform the reappearance of the demand heterogeneity into the quantitative index to quantitatively analyze the asynchronous characteristics of the evaluation demand, and then analyze the degree of non-synchronization of the demand to the design of the system. Operation of the impact, and then for the actual engineering design to provide services. Based on the quantitative analysis method, it will be possible to carry out more valuable analytical work and promote the development of building energy conservation in our country based on the characteristics of terminal actual demand.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU201.5;TU83

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