控规中路网承载力与容积率互动反馈研究

发布时间：2018-09-12 08:50

【摘要】：我国城乡规划编制体系中,城市总体规划层面对应有专项的城市综合交通规划,修建性详细规划阶段则有建设项目交通影响评价,反映出城市规划对交通与土地利用协调发展的重视,而在控制性详细规划中却尚未有明确的交通规划要求,导致城市综合交通规划无法分解落实、建设项目交通影响评价难以有效实施,城市开发所带来的交通问题依然严峻。为协调交通与土地利用之间的关系,建设项目交通影响评价逐渐为城市管理者所重视,一定程度上缓解了交通拥堵,同时也显现出诸多问题。首先,建设项目交通影响评价处于修建性详细规划阶段,面对上位具有法定地位的控制性详细规划其评价结果对土地开发强度的反馈作用受到限制；其次,作为建设项目交通影响评价的委托方,开发商常常想方设法迫使交通影响评价通过,导致交通影响评价机制形同虚设；第三,城市交通错综复杂,建设项目交通影响评价仅从微观层面推进难以从全局角度把握实际交通影响。针对上述问题,本文提出在控规中进行路网承载力与容积率互动反馈研究的应对思路,将传统交通规划的核心内容及关键技术引入控规编制过程,在土地利用规划基础上平衡交通供需关系,促使土地开发强度与路网容量相适应。通过对各类交通方式特征的研究,选取对路网拥挤程度最为敏感的小汽车交通作为研究对象,以小汽车出行生成率建立路网承载力与容积率之间的量化关系。根据背景交通流特征的不同,将控规编制对象划分为城市新开发片区与旧城更新片区,并基于OD反推法与交通需求预测“四阶段”法分别给出了路网承载力与容积率互动反馈的研究方法。对于城市新开发片区,其研究思路是利用OD反推法以土地利用规划初步方案为依据,将规划路网所能承载的最大小汽车交通量逆向反馈至各规划地块中,通过小汽车出行生成率反推出各地块允许的最大容积率,并给出了不合理容积率的调整方法,从而为控规编制中容积率确定提供辅助依据；对于旧城更新片区,其研究思路借鉴了交通影响评价的核心理念,主要通过交通规划“四阶段”法对已初步确定各地块容积率指标的土地利用规划方案进行交通需求预测,将生成的小汽车交通量正向反馈给规划路网,通过路网负荷水平判断规划初步确定的容积率指标是否合理,同样也给出了不合理容积率的调整方法。两种研究方法中,前者是由路网承载力至地块容积率的逆向反馈过程,后者则是由地块容积率到路网承载力的正向反馈过程,两者均在不合理容积率的调整过程中实现了路网承载力与容积率之间的双向互动反馈。通过对路网承载力与容积率进行互动反馈研究,一方面将交通规划技术引入控规编制过程,从交通供需平衡角度实现对控规土地开发强度的有效控制,为容积率指标确定提供了技术支撑；另一方面促进了城市综合交通规划与建设项目交通影响评价的平稳衔接,使控规承上启下的作用充分发挥,最终实现交通与土地利用的协调发展,有效应对城市交通问题。
[Abstract]:In the compilation system of urban and rural planning in China, the level of urban master planning corresponds to the special urban comprehensive transportation planning, while the stage of constructive detailed planning has the traffic impact assessment of construction projects, which reflects the importance of urban planning to the coordinated development of transportation and land use, but there is no clear traffic planning in the regulatory detailed planning. In order to coordinate the relationship between traffic and land use, the traffic impact assessment of construction projects has gradually been taken seriously by urban managers, and to some extent, traffic congestion has been alleviated. At the same time, there are many problems. Firstly, the traffic impact assessment of construction projects is in the stage of constructive detailed planning, and the feedback effect of the evaluation results on the intensity of land development is limited in the face of the regulatory detailed planning with statutory status. Secondly, as the principal of the traffic impact assessment of construction projects, developers often think of ways to solve these problems. It is difficult to grasp the actual traffic impact from the overall point of view because of the complexity of urban traffic and the complexity of the traffic impact assessment of construction projects. This paper introduces the core content and key technology of traditional traffic planning into the planning process of traffic control, balances the relationship between traffic supply and demand on the basis of land use planning, and urges the intensity of land development to adapt to the capacity of road network. Traffic is taken as the research object, and the quantitative relationship between road network carrying capacity and volume ratio is established based on the car trip generation rate. According to the different characteristics of background traffic flow, the planning object is divided into new urban development area and old urban renewal area, and the road network is given based on OD back-stepping method and "four-stage" method of traffic demand forecast. The research method of interactive feedback between carrying capacity and volume ratio. For new urban development area, the research idea is to use OD back-stepping method based on the preliminary plan of land use planning, to feedback the maximum car traffic that can be carried by the planned road network back to each planned land block, and to deduce the permission of each block by car trip generation rate. The maximum volume ratio and the adjustment method of unreasonable volume ratio are given, which can provide auxiliary basis for determining the volume ratio in the compilation of control plan. For the old city renewal area, its research ideas draw lessons from the core concept of traffic impact assessment, mainly through the traffic planning "four stages" method to have initially determined the volume ratio of each block of soil index. In this paper, the traffic demand is forecasted by using the planning scheme, and the generated traffic volume is fed back to the planned road network. Through the load level of the road network, the rationality of the preliminary planned volume ratio index is judged, and the adjustment method of the unreasonable volume ratio is also given. The latter is a positive feedback process from the plot rate to the bearing capacity of the road network, both of which realize the bidirectional interactive feedback between the bearing capacity of the road network and the volume rate during the adjustment of the unreasonable volume rate. This paper introduces the compilation process of traffic control plan, realizes the effective control of land development intensity from the angle of traffic supply and demand balance, and provides technical support for the determination of volume ratio index; on the other hand, it promotes the smooth connection between urban comprehensive traffic planning and traffic impact assessment of construction projects, and makes the role of traffic control rules play a full role from the beginning to the next, and finally realizes it. The coordinated development of transportation and land use can effectively cope with urban traffic problems.
【学位授予单位】：山东建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU984.191

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