低浊度原水净化工艺运行现状调查研究
发布时间：2018-10-04 22:11
【摘要】：随着水源水污染和水资源匮乏状况的加剧,越来越多的净水厂采用湖库水作为水源,由于长期的静沉作用使得湖库水浊度普遍较低,给净水厂的处理带来了困难;许多水厂在最初建设时是按照河流水水质处理进行设计的,水源由河流水切换成湖库水后,原工艺往往难以适应原水水质的变化;新《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB5749-2006)的全面实施给广泛采用传统工艺的净水厂带来了新的挑战。以上三方面都对目前的净水厂处理工艺提出了新的要求。为了解低浊度原水净化工艺运行现状,寻找到不同地区更有效处理低浊度水源水的工艺组合,本文首先通过面上调研,收集了东北、华北、西北、西南、华东、华中和华南七个地区41座以地表水作为水源的净水厂的基础数据,包括水厂规模、水源类型、处理工艺、运行现状和废水处置情况。研究发现:低浊度水源又可以分为三类,常规低浊水、低温低浊水和微污染低浊水。三类低浊度原水净化工艺主要有六种:传统工艺、平流/斜管与气浮池联用、气浮池、澄清池、高密池、和预处理及深度处理组合。常规处理工艺占30%,另外有63.6%的水厂采用了预处理或深度处理工艺,其中71.4%水厂预处理或深度处理集中在2008年以后建设。低浊度水源水处理,新建澄清工艺主要有单模块和多模块组合有两种形式。单模块形式是指对沉淀单元重建,替换为新型澄清工艺,带有泥渣回流的澄清池、高密池成为主流工艺;多模块组合形式在混凝单元前增加预处理或在过滤单元后增建深度处理。改建澄清工艺在沉淀单元原有的基础上进行部分改造,气浮池是改建的主要选择工艺;后续增加深度处理也是水厂提标改造的一种趋势。对于沿用传统澄清工艺的水厂,深入挖掘现有工艺潜力,通过优选混凝剂,使用粉末活性炭、增设泥渣回流等方法强化澄清工艺的处理能力。针对低浊度水源水质特征,调研结果显示,单模块形式多用于处理常规低浊水或低温低浊水;原水低浊微污染的净水厂,一般采用多模块新建方案,尤其是增建深度处理工艺。维持传统工艺的净水厂一般采用多种方法挖潜以保障出水水质。通过调研数据得到,33座以低浊水为原水的净水厂中有22座水厂采用了废水回用工艺,其中只有2座将废水处理后回用,在20座将废水直接回用的水厂中有80%采用了分流回用。其中有81.8%的回用工艺建于2000年以后,主要集中在2006~2010年,可能是因为这段时间内许多水厂为应对新标准进行了工艺改造,同时完善了废水处理工艺,但是多数水厂的废水处理系统停运。为进行更深入的研究,后期筛选了原水代表三类低浊水的4座典型水厂通过问询、核实和实测进行深入调研。其中A水厂原水属于常规低浊水,采用废水回用工艺;B水厂原水属于常规低浊水,未进行废水回用;C水厂原水属于低温低浊水;D水厂原水属于微污染低浊水。研究发现,废水回用可以消除低浊水引起的药耗增加问题,A水厂在低浊期PAC投加量仅为10.42mg/L;水源浊度低时,供水负荷低于设计负荷的60%,B水厂平均生产负荷为设计负荷的56.6%,管式混合器混合效果差,混凝剂的使用量偏高;低温低浊的北方C厂,PAC的投加量高达70mg/L,是混凝剂使用量最高的水厂,C厂的废水回用工艺建而未用;D水厂原水低浊且受到污染严重,水厂增加混凝剂用量保障出水水质,废水水量大,2011年平均耗水率达9.4%,后期采用a+C+b的多模块组合形式,增加预处理和深度处理以期改善出水水质。总之,以低浊度水为水源的净水工艺,通过建设带有泥渣回流系统的澄清工艺提高水质,也可通过优化生产废水回流改善混凝效果;对于原水水质遭受到污染的水厂,则要通过增加预处理和深度处理单元强化污染物的去除。
[Abstract]:With the aggravation of water pollution and shortage of water resources, more and more water purification plants adopt lake reservoir water as water source. In the initial construction, many waterworks are designed according to the water quality treatment of rivers, and the original process is often difficult to adapt to the change of raw water quality after the water is switched from river water to lake reservoir water. The full implementation of the New Standard for Drinking Water (GB5749-2006) poses new challenges to the widespread adoption of traditional processes. The above three aspects put forward new requirements for the current treatment process of water purification plants. In order to find out the present situation of low turbidity raw water purification process and find a process combination for treating low turbidity water source water more effectively in different regions, this paper first collects the Northeast, North China, Northwest, Southwest and East China through investigation on the surface. The foundation data of 41 water purification plants with surface water as water source, including the scale of water plant, type of water source, treatment process, operation status and disposal of waste water, are the foundation data of 41 water purification plants with surface water as water source in seven regions of Central China and South China. It has been found that the low-turbidity water source can be divided into three types: conventional low-turbidity water, low-temperature low-turbidity water and micro-polluted low-turbidity water. There are six kinds of low turbidity raw water purification processes: the traditional process, advection/ inclined pipe combined with air flotation cell, air flotation cell, clarification tank, high density pool, and pretreatment and depth treatment combination. The conventional treatment process is 30%, and 63. 6% of the water works adopt pre-treatment or depth treatment, of which 71. 4% of the water plant pretreatment or depth treatment has been built after 2008. The water treatment of low turbidity water source has two forms: single module and multi-module combination. The form of a single module refers to the reconstruction of the precipitation unit, replacement of a new clarification process, a clarification tank with mud residue reflux, a high-density tank as the main flow process, and a multi-module combined form adding pretreatment before the mixing unit or adding depth treatment after the filtering unit. The reconstruction and clarification process is partially modified on the original basis of the sedimentation unit, and the air flotation tank is the main selection process of the reconstruction; the subsequent increase of the depth treatment is also a trend of the upgrading of the water treatment of the water plant. For the water plant which follows the traditional clarification process, the existing process potential is deeply excavated, and the processing capacity of the clarification process is strengthened by using the method of optimizing the coagulant, using powdered activated carbon, adding mud residue reflux and the like. According to the water quality characteristics of low turbidity water source, the results show that the single module is used to treat the conventional low-turbidity water or low-temperature low-turbidity water; the water purification plant with low turbidity and micro-pollution of raw water generally adopts multi-module newly-built scheme, especially the construction of additional depth treatment process. The water purification plant which maintains the traditional process generally adopts a variety of methods to tap the potential to ensure the water quality of the effluent. According to the survey data, there are 22 water plants in the water treatment plant with low turbidity water as raw water, and the wastewater reuse process is adopted, of which only 2 waste water is reused, and 80% of the water plants which are directly returned to the waste water are used for shunting back in 20 seats. 81. 8% of the back-up process was built in 2000, mainly in 2006-2010, probably because many water plants in this period have undergone process modification to meet the new standards, and the wastewater treatment process is improved, but the waste water treatment system of most water works is stopped. In order to carry out more in-depth research, four typical water plants with low turbidity water representing three types of low turbidity water were screened in the later stage to conduct in-depth investigation through query, verification and actual measurement. The raw water of A water plant belongs to the conventional low-turbidity water and adopts a waste water recycling process; the raw water of the water treatment plant belongs to the conventional low-turbidity water; the raw water of the water treatment plant belongs to low-temperature and low-turbidity water; and the raw water of the D water plant belongs to micro-polluted low-turbidity water. It was found that the wastewater reuse can eliminate the increase of drug consumption caused by low turbidity water. The water supply load is only 10. 42mg/ L when the water source turbidity is low. When the turbidity of the water source is low, the water supply load is lower than 60% of the design load. The average production load of the water plant is 56. 6% of the design load. The mixing effect of the tubular mixer is poor, the consumption of the coagulant is high, and the dosage of the coagulant is high; the dosage of the PAC is high to 70mg/ L, the dosage of the PAC is high to 70mg/ L, and the waste water of the C plant is not used for construction; the raw water of the D water plant is low and the pollution is serious, The water quality of effluent is ensured by increasing coagulant dosage in waterworks, and the average water consumption rate in 2011 is 94.4%. In the later stage, a multi-module combination of a + C + b is adopted to increase pretreatment and depth treatment so as to improve the water quality of effluent. In short, the water purification process with low turbidity water as the water source can improve the water quality by constructing a clarification process with a mud residue reflux system, and can improve the mixing effect by optimizing the reflux of the production wastewater; and for the water plant polluted by the raw water quality, the removal of contaminants is to be enhanced by increasing the pretreatment and depth processing units.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU991.2
本文编号：2252070
[Abstract]:With the aggravation of water pollution and shortage of water resources, more and more water purification plants adopt lake reservoir water as water source. In the initial construction, many waterworks are designed according to the water quality treatment of rivers, and the original process is often difficult to adapt to the change of raw water quality after the water is switched from river water to lake reservoir water. The full implementation of the New Standard for Drinking Water (GB5749-2006) poses new challenges to the widespread adoption of traditional processes. The above three aspects put forward new requirements for the current treatment process of water purification plants. In order to find out the present situation of low turbidity raw water purification process and find a process combination for treating low turbidity water source water more effectively in different regions, this paper first collects the Northeast, North China, Northwest, Southwest and East China through investigation on the surface. The foundation data of 41 water purification plants with surface water as water source, including the scale of water plant, type of water source, treatment process, operation status and disposal of waste water, are the foundation data of 41 water purification plants with surface water as water source in seven regions of Central China and South China. It has been found that the low-turbidity water source can be divided into three types: conventional low-turbidity water, low-temperature low-turbidity water and micro-polluted low-turbidity water. There are six kinds of low turbidity raw water purification processes: the traditional process, advection/ inclined pipe combined with air flotation cell, air flotation cell, clarification tank, high density pool, and pretreatment and depth treatment combination. The conventional treatment process is 30%, and 63. 6% of the water works adopt pre-treatment or depth treatment, of which 71. 4% of the water plant pretreatment or depth treatment has been built after 2008. The water treatment of low turbidity water source has two forms: single module and multi-module combination. The form of a single module refers to the reconstruction of the precipitation unit, replacement of a new clarification process, a clarification tank with mud residue reflux, a high-density tank as the main flow process, and a multi-module combined form adding pretreatment before the mixing unit or adding depth treatment after the filtering unit. The reconstruction and clarification process is partially modified on the original basis of the sedimentation unit, and the air flotation tank is the main selection process of the reconstruction; the subsequent increase of the depth treatment is also a trend of the upgrading of the water treatment of the water plant. For the water plant which follows the traditional clarification process, the existing process potential is deeply excavated, and the processing capacity of the clarification process is strengthened by using the method of optimizing the coagulant, using powdered activated carbon, adding mud residue reflux and the like. According to the water quality characteristics of low turbidity water source, the results show that the single module is used to treat the conventional low-turbidity water or low-temperature low-turbidity water; the water purification plant with low turbidity and micro-pollution of raw water generally adopts multi-module newly-built scheme, especially the construction of additional depth treatment process. The water purification plant which maintains the traditional process generally adopts a variety of methods to tap the potential to ensure the water quality of the effluent. According to the survey data, there are 22 water plants in the water treatment plant with low turbidity water as raw water, and the wastewater reuse process is adopted, of which only 2 waste water is reused, and 80% of the water plants which are directly returned to the waste water are used for shunting back in 20 seats. 81. 8% of the back-up process was built in 2000, mainly in 2006-2010, probably because many water plants in this period have undergone process modification to meet the new standards, and the wastewater treatment process is improved, but the waste water treatment system of most water works is stopped. In order to carry out more in-depth research, four typical water plants with low turbidity water representing three types of low turbidity water were screened in the later stage to conduct in-depth investigation through query, verification and actual measurement. The raw water of A water plant belongs to the conventional low-turbidity water and adopts a waste water recycling process; the raw water of the water treatment plant belongs to the conventional low-turbidity water; the raw water of the water treatment plant belongs to low-temperature and low-turbidity water; and the raw water of the D water plant belongs to micro-polluted low-turbidity water. It was found that the wastewater reuse can eliminate the increase of drug consumption caused by low turbidity water. The water supply load is only 10. 42mg/ L when the water source turbidity is low. When the turbidity of the water source is low, the water supply load is lower than 60% of the design load. The average production load of the water plant is 56. 6% of the design load. The mixing effect of the tubular mixer is poor, the consumption of the coagulant is high, and the dosage of the coagulant is high; the dosage of the PAC is high to 70mg/ L, the dosage of the PAC is high to 70mg/ L, and the waste water of the C plant is not used for construction; the raw water of the D water plant is low and the pollution is serious, The water quality of effluent is ensured by increasing coagulant dosage in waterworks, and the average water consumption rate in 2011 is 94.4%. In the later stage, a multi-module combination of a + C + b is adopted to increase pretreatment and depth treatment so as to improve the water quality of effluent. In short, the water purification process with low turbidity water as the water source can improve the water quality by constructing a clarification process with a mud residue reflux system, and can improve the mixing effect by optimizing the reflux of the production wastewater; and for the water plant polluted by the raw water quality, the removal of contaminants is to be enhanced by increasing the pretreatment and depth processing units.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU991.2
【引证文献】
相关会议论文 前1条
1 张良纯;张建国;方素梅;;水平管沉淀技术用于低温低浊水厂改造[A];饮用水安全控制技术会议暨中国土木工程学会水工业分会给水委员会第13届年会论文集[C];2013年
，本文编号：2252070
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